Pediatrics
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| IR & ER how many degrees? | 50
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| someone has patella straight ahead, toe inward....presents as? | Tibial torsion
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| most common cause of children intoeing 3-12 yrs old? | anteversion
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| genu varum is normal for child what age? | less than 3
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| as a baby varus is? | ~ 12
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| valgus in an adult that is normal, common by age 4-5? | ~ 5-7
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| medical term for bowleg? | Blounts
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| excessive genu varum, greater than 11 degrees? | Blounts
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| Pes planus is common in children before age? | 3
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| what are pes planus the long term effects on ? | hip, knee, spine
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| congenital condition of hip joint, uses Pavlik harness to correct? | Developemental Dysplasia of the hip
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| patient presents: leg may appear shorter on one side, may turn outward, uneven folds in skin of thigh or buttocks, space between legs may look wider.....could be? | Developemental Dysplasia of the hip
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| Idiopathic toe walking could be caused by? | habitual, hypersensitive, lack of dorsiflexion (need 0-10 in terminal stance), sometimes associated w/ADD
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| if a child has left sided & right rotation, sign of? | left sided torticollis
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| child presents as right side bending, left rotation? | right sided torticollis
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| causes of torticollis? | plagiocephaly (tight SCM), SCM ischemia (most common cause)
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| PT for torticollis | stretching, righting reaction, visual tracking
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| Avascular necrosis of femoral head | Legg Calve Perthes Disease
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| medial femoral circumflex artery may be blocked causing avascular necrosis... | Legg Calve Perthes Disease
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| What age is Legg Calve most common? | 5-7, 20% bilateral, 4:1 male vs female
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| how long does it take for Legg Calves to heal? | 18 months
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| what motions are limited w/legg calves? | abduction, extension, IR
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| what muscle is severely weak w/legg calves?? | glut medius
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| child complains of knee pain.....could be? | Legg Calves Perthes
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| PT tx for Legg Calve | adductor stretching, hip flexor stretching, hip girdle (glut medius) strengthening (important to preserve motion & decrease limp
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| child 6-8 presents w/clicking or clonking in his knee as he walks...could be? | discoid lateral meniscus
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| at birth the meniscus is round & then evolves into "c" shape, if it doesn't, develops into................... | Discoid lateral meniscus
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| anywhere a tendon connects to a bone is? | apophysitis
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| inflammation & pain in patella tendon, tendon ripped from bone.. | Osgood Schlattert
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| how to treat Osgood Schlatter | ice, stretching, NSAIDS, rest
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| tibial tubercle apophysitis | osgood-schlatter disease
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| what age is Osgood-Schlatter seen? | 10-15 y/o
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| cause of Osgood-Schlatter? | jumping, running, microfractures in the apophysis
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| what muscles to stretch for Osgood-Schlatter? | rectus femoris, gastroc
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| Calcaneal apophysitis associated with rapid growth spurt, as bones get longer, muscles & tendonds become hypoextensible...almost always 2 jt mm's | sever's disease
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| what age does sever's disease occur? | 8-15 y/o
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| slipped epiphysis? | slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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| history of intermittent limp & pain of several weeks or months, poorly localized to thigh, groin, or knee | slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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| what age is slipped capital femoral epiphysis seen? | 12 girls, 13-15 boys
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| child presents w/progressive external rotation & shortening of lower extremity, antalgic gait | slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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| treatment for slippled capital femoral epiphysis | pinning (ER!), crutch training (WBAT)
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| avascular necrosis of bone, usually wt bearing area, microtrauma | osteochondritis dissecans
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| treatment for osteochondritis dissecans | drilling or repair for older children, loose bodies can be removed or screwed back together w/countersunk screws, partially detached can be pinned
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| what can osteochondritis dissecans lead to? | osteoarthritis
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| failur of segmentation of the hindfoot bones, most often the calcaneonavicular & talocalanial | tarsal coalition
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| what age do symptoms of tarsal coalition appear & why? | 8-12 when cartilaginous bar begins to ossify....prior to that it is still soft and pliable
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| midfoot pain could be? | planovalgus, flat or eversion or outward
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| to correct tarsal coalition? | surgical excision
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| stress fracture in spinal cord w/o seperation | spondylolysis
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| stress fracture w/seperation | spondylolisthesis (scottie dog)
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| common age of spondylolysis? | 7-8 y/o, rarely prior to 5
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| where is pain appear from spondylolysis & spondylolisthesis? | localized, non-radiating
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| elbow valgus stress in the overhead throw is? proximal humeral physeal stress fracture (radial epiphyseal injury) | little leaguer elbow
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| Avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerous | little leaguer elbow
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| OCD of capitellum, death of avascular necrosis of bone & cartilage | little leaguer elbow
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| pain, swelling & tenderness on the hip | iliac avulsion fracture
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| tx for iliac avulsion fracture? | rest, ice, wrap, analygesics, gentle AROM, PROM, resistive stg after 75% ROM
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| avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity | tuberosity not connected to pelvis
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| ways to increase muscle strength in preadolescents | neuro adaptation & hypertrophy
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| preadolescents can improve stg as much as _____ over a course of 8-20 wks of training | 30-40%
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| effects of training in adolescents | gains are impermanent, they do have increased bone density, they do not have an adult cooling system
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| at the age of 2 yrs it is considered normal for a child to have a) genu varum, b) genu valgum c) blounts, d) pes cavus | genu varum
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| a child w/torticollis has limited right side bending & limited left cervical rotation. this describes left or right torticollis? | left
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| what is the typical PT acute/sub acute tx for a pt who has Osgood Slatter's? | rest, ice
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| legg calve perthes usually occurs in a) 8-12 yo females, b) 15-17 females, c) 12-15 males, 5-7 males? | 5-7 males
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| you suspect a child may have DDH. The leg (femur) would most likely appear _______ (longer, shorter, thicker, rounder) on the side of the dislocated hip? | shorter
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| typically, how long will a child diagnosed with legg perthes exhibit pain? | 18 mo
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| where does sever's syndrome occur? | calcaneous
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| avascular necrosis of bone usually in a wt bearing surface is best called what? | Osteochondritis Dissecans
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| there are typically 4 unique injuries that can be called "little leaguer elbow". Name one | Medial epicondolytis, valgus stress in the overhead throw, OCD of capitellum, avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerous, radial ephiphyseal injury
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| Excessive genu varum is also called what medical term | Blounts
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| name three areas of the lower extremity that contribute to in-toeing or out-toeing? | hip, foot, tibia
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| be able to identify slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
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