chapter 1, 3, and 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| atoms are.. | neutral
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| atomic number is known as.. | # of protons is
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| atomic mass is known as.. | protons plus neutrons
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| alpha radiation does not.. | does not penetrate as well as other types of radiation.
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| size of alpha particles | very large radiation
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| do alpha particles move slow or fast? | slow moving particles
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| are film badges sensitive to alpha radiation? | no
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| are alpha particles used in medical use | no
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| speed and size of beta particles | high speed electrons that are small (bullet)
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| where are beta particles produced? | in or near the nucleus
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| are beta particles used medically? | yes in therapeutic radiation
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| frequencie is.. | # of wavelengths per second
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| wavelength is.. | distance between the waves
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| amplitude is.. | height of waves
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| the higher the energy of electromagnetic radiation the better... | it can penetate
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| x-rays are produced.. | outside the nucleus
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| gamma rays are produced.. | inside the nucleus
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| roentgen measures.. | ionization in air=coulombs
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| what is measure of absorbed dose? | Rad=Gray
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| what is measure of occupational? | Rem=Sievert
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| What measures rate of nuclear decay of material? | Curie/Becquerel measures
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| What is half life? | time it takes for radioactive material to decay to 50% of its original
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| alpha is made up of what? | 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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| how much energy does alpha carry? | ALOT
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| Who discovered the naturally o curing substances emitted from radiation? | Becquerel
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| Who named alpha, beta, and gamma | Rutherford
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| What is the mass and charge for x-ray and gamma? | No charge
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| from left to right name the wavelength... | gamma, x-rays, visible light, microwave, radio
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| What is measured in the film badge? | Rem; Sievert
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| What is capable of providing an immediate reading? | Pocket dosimeter
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| Which is the least expensive radiation monitoring device? | Film Badge
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| How many half life values are required to 100R/minute exposure rate to 25R/minute? | 2
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| X-rays can only be focused by a collimator. TRUE/FALSE | FALSE
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| In the production of characteristic radiation at the tungston target, the incoming electron does what? | ejects an inner-shell electron
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| Irradiation of water molecules within the body, and their resulting breakdown is termed what? | radiolysis
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| Compton interaction affects the making of a radiograph by increasing what? | FOG
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| The x-ray interaction within the diagnostic radiographic range that does not cause ionization is... | classical/coherent/thompson usually occurs under 10 keV
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| The output of an x-ray machine is usually measured as... | exposure to roentgens
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| which is most important in reducing patient dose? | collimation
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| The reduction of the intensity of radiation as it passes through a material is known as what? | attenuation
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| What is a radiation survey instrument? | cutie-pie
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| Radiation monitoring instruments depend on what? | ionization
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| What radiation monitoring device is considered most accurate? | Optically stimulated Iluminescence dosimeter (OSL) b/c its not heat sensitive
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| Number of disintegration per second is? | becquerel (curie)
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| What is the cumulative dose equivalent limits for a 25 year old radiation worker? | 250msv (25rem)
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| What are 2 types of general types of radiation detection devices? | Field survey and personnel monitoring
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| a beta particle can carry.. | a positive or negative charge
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| mas= | quanity
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| kvp= | quality
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| If it is assumed that there is no threshold dose of radiation, this means that.. | even small amounts of radiation are potentially harmful.
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| Which 2 organizations responsible for promoting professionalism among techs? | ASRT & TS/SNM
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| The generally significant dose is increasing as a result of what? | defensive medicine & increased diagnostic efficacy
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| What is the relationship between law and ethics? | Law is based on ethics
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| Primary Purpose of licensure? | to improve patient care
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| One rad is equal to how many grays? | 0.01
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| the measurement of radiation by scientific means is.. | dosimetry
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| The field monitoring device that functions similarly to the automatic exposure control in an x-ray unit is the: | scintillation counter
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| What personnel device provides the best legal record? | film badge
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| Reading on a radiation dosimetry report indicated what? | minimal exposure
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| What are the 2 polyenergetic for a given atom? | x-radiation and beta radiation
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| The half value layer of gamma radiation from a given atom is the same, no matter how many thickness of material the radiation has passed through. TRUE/FALSE | TRUE
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| The rate in which energy is deposited in matter describes.. | linear energy transfer
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| As Z number increases the probability of compton scatter does what? | decreases
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| When electrons strive to fill shells and give off x-rays in the process is known as what? | characteristic cascade
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| Which causes excitation rather than ionization? | coherent/classical/thompson
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| What is most likely an outer-orbit interaction? | compton scatter
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| which of the following is the basis for using lead aprons? | photoelectric effect
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| Advantages of a film badge... | cheap, easy to handle and process, permanent record of exposure, wide range of sensitivity
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| Disadvantages of a film bade... | wait for reading, accurate at only 10 mrem or higher, fogging
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| traditionally you can film badges for how long? | one month
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| How long can TLD's be worn? | 3 months
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| Advantages of a TLD.. | tissue equivalent, worn 3 months, can be re-used, highly accurate, do not fog
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| Disadvantages of a TLC... | $$, no permanent record
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| TLD stands for.. | Thermoluminescent dosimeters
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| Advantages of a pocket dosimeter... | immediate readings, used for people who are not normally monitored like visitors. must be re calibrated daily.
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| Disadvantages of a pocket dosimeter... | easy to misread, chemicals can leak causing misread, and also mechanical trauma can change the reading.
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| 3 types of field survey instruments.. | ionization chamber, geiger-mueller counter, scintillation counter
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| what field survey instrument is housed in the detector probe? | geiger-mueller counter
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| the detector probe does what? | it is a very thin window, and it allows for the detection of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. It is not sensitive to very low particles however.
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| In a nuclear medicine lab where radioactive materials are stored is an example of what? | a GM
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| What produces small flashes of light upon exposure to radiation which can be measured? | scintillation counter
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| the most sensitive detector in the field survey is.. | the scintillation counter
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| what field survey detector is most widely used? | ionization chamber b/c they are accurate and sensitive to a wide range of radiation, and they are also Portable!
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| pair production usually happen in what keV? | above 1.02, does not usually occur until 10 mev has been reached
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| x-ray and gamma radiation are considered to be low -LET because/low Si radiation b/c... | very penetrating, do not give up on energy quickly, not a high rate of ionization per cent., & do little bio damage.
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| Alpha and Beta are considered high-LET/high Si because... | do not penetrate well, give up on energy, and cause lrg. rate of ionization per cent, and cause a lot of damage
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