Evidence of Evolution
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| Common Ancestor | Most recent ancestral species from which two different species evolved
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| Phylogenetic tree and Cladogram | Illustrate the ancestral relationship between different organisms/ species
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| Homology | Characteristic shared by two species (or other taxa) that is similar because of common ancestry such as anatomical similarities OR molecular similarities OR
developmental similarities
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| Anatomical Homology/ Homologous structure | Anatomical structures that perform the same function in different biological species and evolved from the same structure in some ancestor species
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| Molecular Homology | Similarities in genes, RNA, or amino acid sequences between different biological species
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| Developmental Homology | Similarities in embryo development between different biological species
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| Vestigial structure | A structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function and may have been important in the organism’s ancestor
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| Analogous structure | The similarity of structure between two species that are not closely related as a result of convergent evolution; ex: wings of birds and butterflies
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| Biogeography | The study of the distribution of organisms in geographic areas
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| Fossil record | The accumulation of fossils and related geological data that give us clues about the past and its taxonomic history
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| Relative dating | Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock
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| Sedimentary layer | Fossils that formed in sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is rock that is formed in layers by the depositing and pressing of sediments on top of each other
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| Extinct | No living members of that species exists.
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