Ch. 4-6
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| 2 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp hybridization, 180 bond angle | linear (1)
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| 3 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp2 hybridization, 120 bond angle | trigonal planar
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| 2 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp2 hybridization, 120 bond angles | bent (1)
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| 4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | tetrahedral
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| 3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | trigonal pyramidal
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| 2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | bent (2)
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| 5 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 90, 120, 180 bond angles | trigonal bypyramidal
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| 4 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3d hybridization, 90, 120, 180 bond angles | seesaw
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| 3 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | t-shaped
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| 2 bonding pairs, 3 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 180 bond angles | linear (2)
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| 6 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | octahedral
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| 5 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | square pyramidal
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| 4 bonding pairs. 2 lone pairs, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | square planar
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| nitrates | soluble
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| salts with alkali metal ions (group I) are | soluble
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| chloride, bromide, and iodide salts are soluble EXCEPT | silver (I), lead (II), and mercury (I)
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| sulfate salts are soluble EXCEPT | barium sulfate, lead (II) sulfate, mercury (I) sulfate, and calcium sulfate
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| hydroxides with Ba and Ca | marginally soluble (kinda sorta soluble)
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| Most hydroxides are... | slightly soluble
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| sulfides, carbonates, chromates, and sulfates are slightly soluble EXCEPT | group I cations and ammonium
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| salts with ammonium are... | soluble
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| most ionic compounds contain... | 2 types of ions
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| in a precipitation rxn, the precipitate must have... | a zero net charge
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| dilution equation | M1V1 = M2V2
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| mols of solute ARE NOT... | determined through dilution
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| molarity equation | M = mols/liters
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| what is an electolyte | a particle that transfers current, charge, etc
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| nonelectrolyte | does not produce ions when dissolved
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| weak electrolytes | partial dissociation; substances that produce lesser ions when dissolved (weak acids, weak bases)
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| strong electrolytes | complete dissociation; substances produce ions when dissolved (soluble salts, strong acids, strong bases)
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| according to Svante Arrhenius, the conductivity of a solution... | depends on the number of ions present
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| hydration | interaction between water molecules and the ions of a salt, causing dilution
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| differences in solubility of ionic compounds depends on | attraction of ions to one another and attraction of ions to water molecules
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| solute | substance dissolved (minority)
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| solvent | liquid/ water (majority)
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| HCl | hydrochloric acid, strong acid
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| HBr | hydrobromic acid, strong acid
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| HClO4 | perchloric acid, strong acid
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| H2SO4 | sulfuric acid, strong acid
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| HI | hydroiodic acid, strong acid
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| HNO3 | nitric acid, strong acid
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| KOH | potassium hydroxide, strong base
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| NaOH | sodium hydroxide, strong base
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| Ba(OH)2 | barium hydroxide, strong base
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| CsOH | cesium hydroxide, strong base
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| Sr(OH)2 | strontium hydroxide, strong base
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| Ca(OH)2 | calcium hydroxide, strong base
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| LiOH | lithium hydroxide, strong base
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| RbOH | rubidium hydroxide, strong base
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| carbonate and phosphate are not soluble EXCEPT with | sodium, potassium, ammonium
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| sulfide is only soluble with | sodium, potassium, ammonium, barium
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| hydroxide and oxides are only soluble with | sodium, potassium, barium, group I cations
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| sulfate salts are soluble EXCEPT with | calcium, silver, mercury (I), strontium, barium, lead (II)
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| nitrates, acetates, chlorates, perchlorates salts | soluble
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| sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are | soluble
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| bronsted lowry acid | proton donor
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| bronsted lowry base | proton acceptor
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