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CHEM 101 EXAM #2
Ch. 4-6
Question | Answer |
---|---|
2 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp hybridization, 180 bond angle | linear (1) |
3 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp2 hybridization, 120 bond angle | trigonal planar |
2 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp2 hybridization, 120 bond angles | bent (1) |
4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | tetrahedral |
3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | trigonal pyramidal |
2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, sp3 hybridization, 109.5 bond angles | bent (2) |
5 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 90, 120, 180 bond angles | trigonal bypyramidal |
4 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3d hybridization, 90, 120, 180 bond angles | seesaw |
3 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | t-shaped |
2 bonding pairs, 3 lone pairs, sp3d hybridization, 180 bond angles | linear (2) |
6 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | octahedral |
5 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | square pyramidal |
4 bonding pairs. 2 lone pairs, sp3d2 hybridization, 90, 180 bond angles | square planar |
nitrates | soluble |
salts with alkali metal ions (group I) are | soluble |
chloride, bromide, and iodide salts are soluble EXCEPT | silver (I), lead (II), and mercury (I) |
sulfate salts are soluble EXCEPT | barium sulfate, lead (II) sulfate, mercury (I) sulfate, and calcium sulfate |
hydroxides with Ba and Ca | marginally soluble (kinda sorta soluble) |
Most hydroxides are... | slightly soluble |
sulfides, carbonates, chromates, and sulfates are slightly soluble EXCEPT | group I cations and ammonium |
salts with ammonium are... | soluble |
most ionic compounds contain... | 2 types of ions |
in a precipitation rxn, the precipitate must have... | a zero net charge |
dilution equation | M1V1 = M2V2 |
mols of solute ARE NOT... | determined through dilution |
molarity equation | M = mols/liters |
what is an electolyte | a particle that transfers current, charge, etc |
nonelectrolyte | does not produce ions when dissolved |
weak electrolytes | partial dissociation; substances that produce lesser ions when dissolved (weak acids, weak bases) |
strong electrolytes | complete dissociation; substances produce ions when dissolved (soluble salts, strong acids, strong bases) |
according to Svante Arrhenius, the conductivity of a solution... | depends on the number of ions present |
hydration | interaction between water molecules and the ions of a salt, causing dilution |
differences in solubility of ionic compounds depends on | attraction of ions to one another and attraction of ions to water molecules |
solute | substance dissolved (minority) |
solvent | liquid/ water (majority) |
HCl | hydrochloric acid, strong acid |
HBr | hydrobromic acid, strong acid |
HClO4 | perchloric acid, strong acid |
H2SO4 | sulfuric acid, strong acid |
HI | hydroiodic acid, strong acid |
HNO3 | nitric acid, strong acid |
KOH | potassium hydroxide, strong base |
NaOH | sodium hydroxide, strong base |
Ba(OH)2 | barium hydroxide, strong base |
CsOH | cesium hydroxide, strong base |
Sr(OH)2 | strontium hydroxide, strong base |
Ca(OH)2 | calcium hydroxide, strong base |
LiOH | lithium hydroxide, strong base |
RbOH | rubidium hydroxide, strong base |
carbonate and phosphate are not soluble EXCEPT with | sodium, potassium, ammonium |
sulfide is only soluble with | sodium, potassium, ammonium, barium |
hydroxide and oxides are only soluble with | sodium, potassium, barium, group I cations |
sulfate salts are soluble EXCEPT with | calcium, silver, mercury (I), strontium, barium, lead (II) |
nitrates, acetates, chlorates, perchlorates salts | soluble |
sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are | soluble |
bronsted lowry acid | proton donor |
bronsted lowry base | proton acceptor |