human develop.
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| males produce sperm when | at puberty
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| when do females have eggs | when born
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| 1 egg matures each cycle how many days? | 28 days
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| how many sperm per ejac. | 200 million
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| what is secular trent | female body requires certain weight to start cycle. (girls starting soon bc of obesity)
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| how many cant successfully implant | half
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| zygote | 1st two weeks; egg and sperm come together.
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| embryo | 3-9 weekns.
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| fetus | 9 weeks to birth.
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| what is formed with fetus | inner layer, outer layer, organ, all systems
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| cephalocaudal | head down development. middle to out; proximal distal. internal organs before hands and feel
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| whats wrong with age during preg. | more risks involved. older; down syndrom
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| what is optimal age | 22-28
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| what did John Rousseau say about developing child | nature; bring into world at birth as noble savages
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| babies are born legally blind | 20/500
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| depth perception | 8 months old. fear
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| temprement | evident at birth
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| what is teratogens | external factors. effects that greatly harm babies and fetus during preg due to mothers external behaviors
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| penicillin is poisonious to some animals but good for? | humans
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| Thalidomide | given for morning sickness
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| what were the effects of thalidomide | affected arms, legs
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| how many babies total effected | 50,000 total
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| DES; prevent miscarrage; diethylstibestrol | abnormalities not appearent until puberty. esp. in girls.
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| what other effects with Diethylstibestrol | abnormal vagina and cervical structures; fertility problems and cervial cancer
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| Valium | tranqulizer "mothers little helper
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| what drug is a lot like alochol:depressant? | Valium
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| Cocaine | social implications and effects for baby
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| what happens with the drug cocaine to babies? | they become addicted at birth.
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| Nicotine has what effect on babies | gets less oxy. and nutrients. less goes to baby; premature
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| what risks go up with pregancy for the baby with Nicotine | asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and SIDS go up
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| alochol acts a | depressant
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| what syndrom is caused with the use to alochol | FAS(fetal alochol syndrom)
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| what is FES? | similiar to down syndrom. likely to be retarded.
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| what are 2 safe drugs to take while pregnant | reg. strength tylenol and mylanta
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| german meales, childhood disease | Rubella
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| Rubella is devasting to | eyes and ears
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| Rubella is often _______ or ______ born | miscarried or still born
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| Genital Herpes cycles are in | outbrakes
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| Baby can pick up genital herpes where | in birth canal
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| Gohorrhea can be picked up where? and what are the effects? | birth canal; lead to blindness
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| HIV and AIDS are passed to baby in what/ | utero, birth and breast milk
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| how long does it take to go from HIV to AIDS | 6 years
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| what are the things you can do to not pass HIV and AIDS to your children | C section, bottle feeding
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| Chiken pox travels though_____ and effects _____, _____ | blood stream. skin and skeletal muscles
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| chiken pox can cause a | still born baby
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| parasite that lives in gut of a cat; excreted in fecal matter | Toxoplasmosis
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| how can you get toxoplasmosis | inhale dust from liter box, gets in blood strem.
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| xray and radiation can lead to | hemophelia, cancer, anemia and genetic mutations
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| what metal can lead to mental retardation | lead
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| stress increase? | b.p, hormone balances and endocrine system circulation problems
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| vernix | waxy sub. on newborns skin
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| Assessment at birth- APGAR | checking vitals such as activity, repiration, heart reate, reflexes and color based on 1- 10 scale.
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| how many neruons at birth | 23 billion
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| what helps connections between the neurons? | brain development
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| what did Jean piaget look at | children and how solved problems and mistakes they make
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| Assimilation vs. Accommodation | accomodation; making room for new info
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| Piagets 0-2 years: | object permance; stranger anxiety.
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| Piagets 2-6/7 years: | egocentrism; language. pretend. think there the center of the world.
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| Piagets 7-11: | conservation:
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| Piagets 12 and older | abstraction though
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| skemas are what? | new info fits in the old.
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| who came up with stranger anxiety | Mary Ainsworth
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| who came up with attachment with the monkey | John Bowbby
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| who came up with imprinting. baby ducks follow there mother? | Conrad Lorenz
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| who had done most research on childrearing | Baumrind
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| Authoritarin | dictator; rules are rules. demand obedience
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| Authoritative | Ive got a say. accomidation will be made
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| Permissive | whatever you want to do is fine
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| 2 parts of Permissive | 1. indulgent: No consequences2. neglectful: i dont care what you do
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| Created psychoslical stages of development; different age different crisis | Erik Erickson
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| 0-1 yr. Erik Erickson | trust v. mistrust
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| 1-2 yr. E.E | autonomy v. shame and doubt
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| 3-5 yr.E.E | initive v. guilt
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| 6- puberty E.E | competence v. inferiority
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| teens and 20ths E.E | indentity v. role confusion
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| 20s and 40s E.E | intimacy v. isolation
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| 40-60 E.E | generativity v. stagnation
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| 60s and up E.E | ingerity v. dispair
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| adolescence is betwee | childhood and adulthood
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| what are primary sex charateristics | reproductive organs, external genitalia
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| secondary sex charateriscis | girls breast/hipboys deep voice/ facial hair
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| menarch | first menstral cycle
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| spermarch | devl. of sperm first ejaculate happens
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| secular trent | girls have menstral 10 11 and 12
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| what was first to describe adolence | G.Stanly Hall
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| unprotected sex, auto accidents, "its not going to happen to me" | sense of immortality
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| who created egocentrim? and what is it? | David Elkind; people always look at them. imaginary audience
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| Moratorium | gathering info
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| Diffusion | floating from class to class. undecisive. whatever i can get into is fine.
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| foreclosure; | done no exploration but "i want to be a lawyer"
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| there is a gradual declind with men in 40s | sexual peak
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| menopause in women around? | 52
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| increasing age and decreasing birth rate= | older population
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| Levinson said childhood was from | 0-20
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| Levinson said early adulthood was from? Mid adult hood?late adulthood? | early; 20- early 40'smid adult hood; early 40s to mid 60slate; early 60s-80s
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| what are physical changes as people get older | loss memory, grey hair, winkles, hearing problems,vision
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| what is dimensia | mental differences that occur. loss of memory learning, self care
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| cheerful/optomistic die quicker in nursing home when | sarcastic and crabby
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| memory defines | who you are. ( how old, and what you might do in future)
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| we notice memory when? | it lets us down
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| take in info is called | encoding
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| sotre it or represent it | storage
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| get it back out later | retrieval
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| encoding is sometimes | automatic and efforful
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| attention is | selective; cannot attend to everything
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| divided attention is | attending many things at the same time. tasks that require little effort
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| noticing the basics. some one you walk past during the day | shallow processing
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| the thing that is reconized or labeled | intermediate processing
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| thing that is made meaningful | deep processing
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| extensiveness of process at any given level. how much you work at it | elaboration
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| more extensive processing= | better memory
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| physical; lines and angles | not very good recall
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| acousitc | the sound of something. bit better recall
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| semantic | meaning of something= better understanding
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| self reffrencing | what is means to me. best from of elaboration
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| memory stroage | how info is retained overtime and how it is represented in memory
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| 3 steps to memory storage | sensoryshort termlong term.
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| sensory memory | breif memory. sec. maybe two
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| short term mem. | up to 30 seconds
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| long term mem. | up to a lifetime
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| info from world in raw form for an instant | sensory info.
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| short term memory what is avg. you remember | 7 + or -2
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| chunking | groups or letters, numbers, items helps remember
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| rehersal | concious rep
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| propose working memory 3 part system | 1. phonological2. visuopatial3. central executive
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| LTM | relative permant storage of huge amts of info; complex structure; addresses phone numbers, ect
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| facts and general knowledge | episodic
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| meanings of words, events and hand gestures | semantic
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| future memory | prospecitive
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| implicit memory is | procedural
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| how to drive, text, tie shoes is | procedural
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| get a clue or cue or hint, tirggers memory | priming
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| well learned association is called | classical condition
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| where are memories stored | hippocampus
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| process of getting memory back out | memory retreval
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| primacy effect | rem. first words
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| middle words | 40% remerable
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| end | rencency effect: remember last words
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| retreve previously learned info fill in the blanks or essays | recall.
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| identifying learning terms; mutiple choice | recongnition
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| remembering in a similar context or state as when info was encoded. | context and state
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| memories of emotionally significant events | flashbulb memory
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| flashbulb mem. is usualy remembered with more ___ and ____ detail than everyday events | accuracy and vivid
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| emotionally arousing | person trauma.
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| personal trauma is | more detailed and longer lasting. rape or heart attack
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| need or desire that serves to energize behavior and direct it towards a goal | motivation
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| fixed pattern of behavior | instint
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| ex. of instinct | bees making beehives
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| instinct is ______ and _______ | unlearned and occurs for all species members
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| interference has two parst | 1. proactive 2. retroactive
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| proactive interference | things learned eariler interfers with things learned later
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| retroactive interferences | things learned later interfer with things learned eariler
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| repressed memory | easy to create false memories
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