Science Chapter One
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| ecosystem | all the interacting parts of a biological community and its environment.
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| sustainable ecosystem/ sustainability | An ecosystem that is capable of withstanding pressure and giving support to a variety of organisms.
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| biotic | the living parts of an ecosystem
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| abiotic | the non living parts of an ecosystem
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| lithosphere | the hard part of earths surface
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| hydrosphere | all the water found on earth, including lakes, oceans and ground water
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| atmosphere | the layer of gases about earths surface
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| biosphere | the regions of earth where living organisms exist
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| nutrient | a chemical that is essential to living things and cycled through ecosystems
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| terrestrial ecosystems | and ecosystem that is land based
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| aquatic ecosystems | an ecosystem that is water based, either fresh water or salt water.
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| eutrophication | a process in which nutrient levels in aquatic ecosystems increase, leading to an increase in the population of primary producers.
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| photosynthesis | a process that changes solar energy into chemical energy.
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| trophic level | a category of organisms that is defined by how the organisms gain their energy
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| biomass | the total mass of living organisms in a defined group or area.
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| trophic efficiency | a measure of the amount of energy or biomass transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level
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| bioaccumulation | a process in which materials, especially toxins, are ingested by an organism at a rate greater than they are eliminated
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| cellular respiration | a process that releases energy from organic molecules, especially carbohydrates, in the presence of oxygen
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| fermentation | a process that releases energy from organic molecules, especially carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen
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| greenhouse gases | atmospheric gases that prevent heat from leaving the atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature of the atmosphere.
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| greenhouse effect | the warming of earth as a result of greenhouse gases, which trap some of the energy that would otherwise leave earth
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| acid precipitation | rain, snow or fog that is unnatural acidic due to gases in the atmosphere that react with water to form acids
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| symbiosis | interaction between members of two different species that live together in a close association.
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| competition | when two or more organisms compete for the same resources in the same location at the same time.
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| predation | a relationship between two different species in which one species feeds on another
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| what are the parts of an ecosystem. examples. | biotic: living things such as animals. abiotic: non-living things such as water.
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| describe predation and give an example | predation occurs when one organism consumes another organism for food. an example is otters eat fish. otters are the predators and fish are the prey
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| describe symbiosis and give an example. | symbiosis is the interaction between members of two different species that live together in a close association.for example mushrooms help nearby trees absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
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| describe competition and give an example | competition occurs when two or more organisms compete for the same resources, such as food, in the same location at the same time. for example dandelions compete with grass for the same resources.
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| what is meant by eutrophication and its impact on an ecosystem | eutrophication is a slow, natural process when excess nutrients cause an overgrowth of algae. But when it becomes human made, it is dangerous to the ecosystem because too much algae in water blocks sunlight that is needed by plants for photosynthesis.
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| what is the first trophic level | always primary producer (plant)
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| what is the second trophic level | always primary consumer
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| what is the last trophic level | always top carnivore
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| what is the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification | bioaccumulation is the toxins in one certain species. Biomagnification is toxins being passed through a food chain. toxins get strong as they move up the food chain
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| example of bioaccumulation | a caterpillar eats milkweed. then the toxins are stored in the tissues of the butterfly but do not harm it.
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| example of biomagnification | if a consumer eats a butterfly that contains the toxins, they will now have a stronger concentration than the butterfly had
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| what is the greenhouse effect | without greenhouse gases, earths temperature would average less than 0 degrees. This natural insulating capacity of greenhouse gases is called the greenhouse effect.
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| what are the greenhouse gases | methane, carbon dioxide and water vapour
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| what are the impacts of global warming | it makes the earth too warm for certain organisms to survive.
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| what are the steps we have taken to fight global warming | by trying to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases we are adding to the atmosphere
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| what is acid rain and its effects | when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are produced when burning fossil fuels, they combine with water vapour and turn into acid.gets into the rain, sleet or snow then the rain becomes acidic
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| how do we try reducing acid rain | by countries signing agreements to reduce the amount of fossil fuels they burn.
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