Cell Transport
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| Osmosis | Movement of a solvent (usually water) from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration in order to equalize the concentration of the two solutions. No energy required.
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| Diffusion | Movement of both solvent and solute particles from high concentration to low concentration in order to equalize the concentration of the solution. No energy required.
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| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement of specific molecules down a concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration) passing through the membrane via a specific carrier protein. No energy required.
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| Active Transport | Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its
concentration gradient from lower concentration to higher concentration. Energy required.
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| Endocytosis | Movement of very large molecules (into the cell) across the cell membrane through the fusion of vesicles. Energy required.
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| Exocytosis | Movement of very large molecules (out of the cell) across the cell membrane through the fusion of vesicles. Energy required.
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| Solute | Substance dissolved in another substance.
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| Solvent | The substance that dissolves another substance.
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| Isotonic solution | Concentration (amount) of solutes is equal on both sides of the cell membrane; this allows the flow of water through the cell membrane to be equal.
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| Hypertonic solution | Concentration (amount) of solutes OUTSIDE of the cell membrane is GREATER than inside cell; this promotes a greater flow of water outside the cell thus leading to cell shrinking.
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| Hypotonic solution | Concentration (amount) of solutes OUTSIDE of the cell membrane is LESS than inside the cell; this promotes a greater flow of water inside the cell thus leading to cell bursting.
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| Homeostasis | process by which biological systems, including the cell, tend to maintain stability
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