Chpt. 19 Air Pressure & Wind
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| the force exerted by the weight of a column of air above a given point | air pressure
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| the swift (120-140 km per hour) high-altitude winds | jet stream
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| the apparent deflective force of Earth's rotation on all free-moving objects, including the atmosphere and oceans (deflection to right in Northern Hemisphere and to left in Southern Hemisphere) | Coriolis Effect
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| an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure | barometer
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| the amount of pressure change occurring over a given distance (closely spaced isobars = a steep pressure gradient and high winds) | pressure gradient
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| a low-pressure center characterized by a counterclockwise flow of air in the Northern Hemisphere | cyclone
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| seasonal reversal of wind direction associated with large continents, especially Asia (heat from land during summer causes air to rise, producing a low-pressure system that pulls in moist air from the ocean) (high pressure over land pushes air out to sea) | monsoon
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| 2 belts of wind that blow almost constantly from easterly directions and are located on the north and south sides of the subtropical highs | trade winds
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| winds that blow from the polar high toward the subpolar low | polar easterlies
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| a high-pressure center characterized by a clockwise flow of air in the Northern Hemisphere | anticyclone
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| the stormy frontal zone separating cold air masses of polar origin from warm air masses of tropical origin | polar front
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| the dominant west-to-east motion of the atmosphere that characterizes the regions on the poleward side of the subtropical highs | westerlies
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| a wind that consistently blows from one direction more than from another | prevailing wind
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| the name given the periodic warming of the ocean that occurs in the central and eastern Pacific | El Nino
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| an instrument used to determine wind speed | anemometer
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