Cardio/pulm
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| HR max equation | 220-age
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| THR formula | HR max x % of max
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| karvonean equation if for? | imapired ppl
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| Which pulmonary vessel has O2 | Veins returning to heart
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| R coronory artery branches | R marginal
post descending
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| L coronary artery branches | Circumflex
L ant descending
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| chemoreceptors reflex detect what and where/ | change in pH and O2
aortic bodies
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| baroreceptors detect what and where? | chang ein pressure in the neck
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| baroreceptor/carotid massage does what | decrease sympathetic stimulous and increase parasympathetic impulse --> decrease BP
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| normal QRS complex width? | 3 little boxes
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| preload | pressure at end of diastole
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| after load | pressure impede flow out of heart
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| Normal SV | 60-80 ml
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| CO equation and normal | SV x HR
4.5-5 L/min
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| Polycythemia | red blood cells to high
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| thrombocytopenia vs thrombocytheia | openia: low
cytheia: high
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| Leukopenia: | low WBC
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| Leukocytosis | infection
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| exercises testing absolute termiante criteria? | SBP < 10 mmHg
mod- sever angian
poor perfusion
sustained tachycardia
sustained ST elevation without Q waves
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| elevated blood creatine kinase indicates | MI
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| w CAD what cholesteraol will be elevated | v
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| Most MI when can you start exercsies | after 2 days
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| if the superior lung is involved what position may increase O2 | prone
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| technique to increase expiratory orce or cough? | resisted breathing into device or manual resistnace
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| technique to improve gas exchange and increase lung volume | diaphragmatic breathing
segmental breathing
max inspiratory effort
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| decrease SOB and increae effeciancy | pursed lip breathing
pacing of breathing w activity
diaphragmatic breathing
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| UE exercise does what to BP and O2 consumption compated to LE? | increase BP
O2 decrease
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| S&S of endocarditis? | fever, chill, murmur, fatigue, SOB, wt loss, blood in urine, kin petichiae
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| cor pulmonale? | failure or hypertrophy of RV
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| S&S wiht patent ductus arteriosus (PAD) | tachy
resp distress
poor eating
wt loss
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| Tetrollogy of fallot conditions? | R ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Aorta overriding the ventriclar septal defect
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| Rheumatic Fever is from? | poorly treated strep A throat that dmages heart valves and cause heart failure
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| where systole? | between S1 & S2
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| causes of murmur | Pregnant and increaed blood flow
Abnormal valve: aortic sclerosis or stenosis
abnormal flow between: VSD or mitral regurge
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| ejection sound is heart when? | regurgitaiton when opening
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| Snap sound heard when? | mitral valveu open that is stenotic
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| S3 heart when and Meaning? | beginnning of dyastole and CHF (blood filling enlarged vent)
vent gallop
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| S4 heard whne and meaning? | end of diastole
atria pushing blood into stenotic vent
hypertension
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| systolic cleard heard when | mitral valve shut but leaking
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| ASD heard when | at S2 it sounds liek it is splitting
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| calcium channel blockers do what? s=could have what adverse effect? | vasodilate
relieve coronary spasm
ischemic effect
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| what does digitalis do? | slow HR
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| what do nitroglycerins do? | dilate blood vessels
v BP
v Prelad
V o2 demand on heart
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| depolarizing is when? | chamber emptying
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| repolarizing is when | chamber is filling
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| how to figure out HR from strip | 300/ # big boxes between QRS
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| Normal PR interval should be? | Less than 1 big box
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| Sinus brady rate | < 60 bpm
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| Sinus tachy rate | > 100 bpm
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| saw tooth EKG? | atrial flutter
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| Long PR interval means? | AV block
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| wide QRS means | bundle branch heart block
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| ST depression or inverted T wave means? | ischemia
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| ST eleation or significant G waves means? | MI
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| when all EKG coordination is gone what does it mean? | ventiruclar fibrillation and no CO
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| R CHF S&S | RV insult
jugular distension
periph edema
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| L CHF S&S | LV insult
backup into LA and lungs
SOB
cough
v OC
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| NYHA CHF stages | I S&S doc says
II some w daily
III some w exertion
IV at rest
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| stages og CHF TX w mets | I 6.5
II 4.5
III 3
IV 1.5
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| Bike METS compared to walking | double mph
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| 1.5 met activity | standing
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| Subacute CHF rehab is done where? | OP or home
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| Post Acute CHF rehab is done where? | community program
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| what is active in instpiration | Diaphragm
external intercostals
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| FVC? | volume of air expired w max forced expirtion after forced max inspiration
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| Normal breath sounds? | Bronchial
Vocal
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| rales/crackles.crepitaitons during inspiraiton usually from? | Bubbles/fibrotic
atelectasis
fibrosisi
pulmonary edema
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| Wheezing durig expiraiotn usually from | airway obstruction
astham, COPD, Foreign body
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| rhonchi | low pitched snoring or gurlging from obstruction
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| strider | high pitchd airway obstruciton
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| Pleural friction rub heard when? | inspire and expire
inflammed visceral and pariet
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| Orthopenea | difficulty brathing except in sitting or standing
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| frothy sputum menas | pulmonary edema
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| Respiratory Alkalosis S&S | dizzy
tigling
syncope
numbness
Hyperventilaiton
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| Respiratory acidosis S&S | anxiety
confusion
restless
coma
hypoventilaiton
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| Metabolic akalosis S&S | hypoventilation
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| metabolic Acidosis S&S | hyperventilaiton
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| Obstructive pulmonary disease S&S | FEV1 low
cant get out
hyperinflated
functional testing< 70%
ratio low
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| Restrictive Pulonary disease characteristics? | FEV1 and FCV low
Functional testing > 70%
ration normal
can't get air in
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| Emphysema characteristics and Tx? | pink puffer cant get air out
lean forward
pursed lip breathing
MOI: smoking
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| Cystic fibrosis | inhereted obstructive, restrictive or mixed
cant get air put
get mucus out w airway breathing
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| Chronic brochitis | blue bloater cant get air out
lean back
mucus production
paced breathing
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| Bronchiectais | abnormal dilation progression
chronic infection where walls weaken
PN, whooping cough, measles, TB, fungal
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| RDS MOI | Alveolar collapse in premature infant
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| Bronchopulmonary dsplaia from | high pressure mechanical ventilation
premature infants
cor pulmonal
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| Pneumothorax and hemothorax what direction does the trachea move | away
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| flail cest> | 2+ fx of ribs that are adjacent
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| SARS | respiraoty virus
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| TB tx | meds 10 days to 2 weeks tx
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| Bacterial vs viral PN | B: productive cough
V: dry cough
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| atelectasis? | partial or complete collapse of lung
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| Cheyne stokes breathing? | waxes and wanes alt periods of apnea
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| percussions should be done how long | 3-5 min per position
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| bed tendelenburge positon | head tipped down
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| BP pressure that qualifies as hypertension | SBP > 140
DBP > 90
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| cycstic fibrosis is on what chromosone of each parent? | 7
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