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Genral Cardio pulm
Cardio/pulm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HR max equation | 220-age |
| THR formula | HR max x % of max |
| karvonean equation if for? | imapired ppl |
| Which pulmonary vessel has O2 | Veins returning to heart |
| R coronory artery branches | R marginal post descending |
| L coronary artery branches | Circumflex L ant descending |
| chemoreceptors reflex detect what and where/ | change in pH and O2 aortic bodies |
| baroreceptors detect what and where? | chang ein pressure in the neck |
| baroreceptor/carotid massage does what | decrease sympathetic stimulous and increase parasympathetic impulse --> decrease BP |
| normal QRS complex width? | 3 little boxes |
| preload | pressure at end of diastole |
| after load | pressure impede flow out of heart |
| Normal SV | 60-80 ml |
| CO equation and normal | SV x HR 4.5-5 L/min |
| Polycythemia | red blood cells to high |
| thrombocytopenia vs thrombocytheia | openia: low cytheia: high |
| Leukopenia: | low WBC |
| Leukocytosis | infection |
| exercises testing absolute termiante criteria? | SBP < 10 mmHg mod- sever angian poor perfusion sustained tachycardia sustained ST elevation without Q waves |
| elevated blood creatine kinase indicates | MI |
| w CAD what cholesteraol will be elevated | v |
| Most MI when can you start exercsies | after 2 days |
| if the superior lung is involved what position may increase O2 | prone |
| technique to increase expiratory orce or cough? | resisted breathing into device or manual resistnace |
| technique to improve gas exchange and increase lung volume | diaphragmatic breathing segmental breathing max inspiratory effort |
| decrease SOB and increae effeciancy | pursed lip breathing pacing of breathing w activity diaphragmatic breathing |
| UE exercise does what to BP and O2 consumption compated to LE? | increase BP O2 decrease |
| S&S of endocarditis? | fever, chill, murmur, fatigue, SOB, wt loss, blood in urine, kin petichiae |
| cor pulmonale? | failure or hypertrophy of RV |
| S&S wiht patent ductus arteriosus (PAD) | tachy resp distress poor eating wt loss |
| Tetrollogy of fallot conditions? | R ventricular hypertrophy VSD Pulmonary stenosis Aorta overriding the ventriclar septal defect |
| Rheumatic Fever is from? | poorly treated strep A throat that dmages heart valves and cause heart failure |
| where systole? | between S1 & S2 |
| causes of murmur | Pregnant and increaed blood flow Abnormal valve: aortic sclerosis or stenosis abnormal flow between: VSD or mitral regurge |
| ejection sound is heart when? | regurgitaiton when opening |
| Snap sound heard when? | mitral valveu open that is stenotic |
| S3 heart when and Meaning? | beginnning of dyastole and CHF (blood filling enlarged vent) vent gallop |
| S4 heard whne and meaning? | end of diastole atria pushing blood into stenotic vent hypertension |
| systolic cleard heard when | mitral valve shut but leaking |
| ASD heard when | at S2 it sounds liek it is splitting |
| calcium channel blockers do what? s=could have what adverse effect? | vasodilate relieve coronary spasm ischemic effect |
| what does digitalis do? | slow HR |
| what do nitroglycerins do? | dilate blood vessels v BP v Prelad V o2 demand on heart |
| depolarizing is when? | chamber emptying |
| repolarizing is when | chamber is filling |
| how to figure out HR from strip | 300/ # big boxes between QRS |
| Normal PR interval should be? | Less than 1 big box |
| Sinus brady rate | < 60 bpm |
| Sinus tachy rate | > 100 bpm |
| saw tooth EKG? | atrial flutter |
| Long PR interval means? | AV block |
| wide QRS means | bundle branch heart block |
| ST depression or inverted T wave means? | ischemia |
| ST eleation or significant G waves means? | MI |
| when all EKG coordination is gone what does it mean? | ventiruclar fibrillation and no CO |
| R CHF S&S | RV insult jugular distension periph edema |
| L CHF S&S | LV insult backup into LA and lungs SOB cough v OC |
| NYHA CHF stages | I S&S doc says II some w daily III some w exertion IV at rest |
| stages og CHF TX w mets | I 6.5 II 4.5 III 3 IV 1.5 |
| Bike METS compared to walking | double mph |
| 1.5 met activity | standing |
| Subacute CHF rehab is done where? | OP or home |
| Post Acute CHF rehab is done where? | community program |
| what is active in instpiration | Diaphragm external intercostals |
| FVC? | volume of air expired w max forced expirtion after forced max inspiration |
| Normal breath sounds? | Bronchial Vocal |
| rales/crackles.crepitaitons during inspiraiton usually from? | Bubbles/fibrotic atelectasis fibrosisi pulmonary edema |
| Wheezing durig expiraiotn usually from | airway obstruction astham, COPD, Foreign body |
| rhonchi | low pitched snoring or gurlging from obstruction |
| strider | high pitchd airway obstruciton |
| Pleural friction rub heard when? | inspire and expire inflammed visceral and pariet |
| Orthopenea | difficulty brathing except in sitting or standing |
| frothy sputum menas | pulmonary edema |
| Respiratory Alkalosis S&S | dizzy tigling syncope numbness Hyperventilaiton |
| Respiratory acidosis S&S | anxiety confusion restless coma hypoventilaiton |
| Metabolic akalosis S&S | hypoventilation |
| metabolic Acidosis S&S | hyperventilaiton |
| Obstructive pulmonary disease S&S | FEV1 low cant get out hyperinflated functional testing< 70% ratio low |
| Restrictive Pulonary disease characteristics? | FEV1 and FCV low Functional testing > 70% ration normal can't get air in |
| Emphysema characteristics and Tx? | pink puffer cant get air out lean forward pursed lip breathing MOI: smoking |
| Cystic fibrosis | inhereted obstructive, restrictive or mixed cant get air put get mucus out w airway breathing |
| Chronic brochitis | blue bloater cant get air out lean back mucus production paced breathing |
| Bronchiectais | abnormal dilation progression chronic infection where walls weaken PN, whooping cough, measles, TB, fungal |
| RDS MOI | Alveolar collapse in premature infant |
| Bronchopulmonary dsplaia from | high pressure mechanical ventilation premature infants cor pulmonal |
| Pneumothorax and hemothorax what direction does the trachea move | away |
| flail cest> | 2+ fx of ribs that are adjacent |
| SARS | respiraoty virus |
| TB tx | meds 10 days to 2 weeks tx |
| Bacterial vs viral PN | B: productive cough V: dry cough |
| atelectasis? | partial or complete collapse of lung |
| Cheyne stokes breathing? | waxes and wanes alt periods of apnea |
| percussions should be done how long | 3-5 min per position |
| bed tendelenburge positon | head tipped down |
| BP pressure that qualifies as hypertension | SBP > 140 DBP > 90 |
| cycstic fibrosis is on what chromosone of each parent? | 7 |
Created by:
KelsM
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