bio final exam (chapter 9)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Dr Sam's Favorite phytoplankton; bottom of the food chain | cocolithophore
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| what creates phytoplankton? | CO2
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| common uses of CO2 | dry ice, fire extinguishers, soda
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| some air pollutants | methane,hydrogen sulfide, phosphoric acid, carbon dioxide
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| overall temperature with massive and permanent ramifications | climate change
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| how is clean, dry air divided? | mostly nitrogen and oxygen; a little argon, CO2, water vapor, and aerosols
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| minute particles and liquid droplets suspended into the air | aerosols
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| varies in thickness, 5 miles thick at equator, 75% of the mass of the atmosphere, energy gets redistributed by convection currents | troposphere
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| little to no water vapor, 1000 times more ozone than troposphere | stratosphere
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| levels of atmosphere? | thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere (very clear boundaries
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| explain the greenhouse effect | absorbed energy is gradually re-emitted as lower quality heat energy
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| how did the process get the name greenhouse effect? | the atmosphere transmits sunlight while trapping heat, much like a greenhouse
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| a huge amount of stored energy contained in water vapor | latent heat
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| what is another name for Deuterium? | heavy hydrogen
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| forms of a single element that differ in atomic mass due to a different number of neutrons in the nucleus | isotopes
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| what causes catastrophic climate swings? | milankovitch cycles
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| periodic shifts in the earth's orbit and tilt | milankovitch cycles
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| who are milankovitch cyles named after? | Serbian scientist Milutin Milankovitch
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| what country gives of the lowest emissions of greenhouse? | Chad
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| name 3 types of evidence scientists have on climate change | permafrost is melting (never happened before); arctic sea is only half as thick as it was 30 years ago; Alpine glaciers are retreating rapidly
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| the level of ice underground that supports things like houses, roads, pipelines, and sewage systems | permafrost
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| the height of the seas with respect to a land benchmark, averaged over a period of time | local mean sea level
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| how high has the LMSL risen in the last 50 years | 4 inches
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| a potentially endangered species living in the circumpolar north, on the arctic sea | polar bears
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| how do polar bears capture seals with the help of the ice? | the breaks in the ice make it easier for polar bears to determine where seals will surface for air
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| what species may boom if global warming increases? | insect species living in warmer areas due to higher metabolic rates and more reproduction
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| 4 key elements to combat climate change | emissions trading, technology sharing, reduce deforestation, helping poorer countries to adapt
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| this treaty sets different limits for individual nations, depending on their output before 1990 | kyoto protocol
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| 3 ways to control greenhouse emissions | double fuel economy from 30 mpg to 60 mpg; cut average travel per car from 10,000 to 5,000 miles; update all building insulation, windows, and weather stripping to modern standards
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| consequences for breathing dirty air? | increased probability of heart attacks, respiratory diseases, and lung cancer
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| the injury caused by exposure to two factors together is more than the sum of exposure to each factor individually | synergistic effects
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| effects of air pollution | plants are sensitive to pollutants, smog and haze reduce visibility, acid deposition
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| the deposition of wet, acidic solutions or dry, acidic particles from the air | acid precipitation
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