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Module 10 OYO 10.3

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Endocrine Gland
Hormone Produced
Hormone Function
Type
Hypothalamus   Growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)   Increases the release of GH from the anterior pituitary   Peptide/protein  
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Hypothalamus   Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)   Increases the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary   Peptide/protein  
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Hypothalamus   Thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TSH-RH)   Increases the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary   Peptide/protein  
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Hypothalamus   Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)   Decreases the release of PRL from the anterior pituitary   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Growth hormone (GH)   Stimulates growth in most tissues, regulates metabolism   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)   Increases the release of thyroxine from the thyroid   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)   Increases the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Luteinizing hormone (LH)   Stimulates the ovaries or testes   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)   Stimulates the ovaries or testes   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Prolactin (PRL)   Stimulates milk production   Peptide/protein  
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Anterior pituitary gland   Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)   Increases the synthesis of melanin   Peptide/protein  
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Posterior pituitary gland   Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)   Reduces urination by increasing the amount of water retained in the blood during kidney function   Peptide/protein  
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Posterior pituitary gland   Oxytocin (OT)   Increases the contractions of the uterus during birth, and also promotes the release of breast milk   Peptide/protein  
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Thyroid gland   Thyroxine   Increases the metabolism rate of most cells in the body   Amine  
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Thyroid gland   Calcitonin   Lowers osteoclast activity, thus decreasing levels of calcium in the blood   Peptide/protein  
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Parathyroid glands   Parathyroid hormone (PTH)   Stimulates osterclast activity, stimulates the intestines to absorb calcium, andstimluates the kidneys to retain calcium, in order to raise the blood calcium level   Peptide/protein  
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Adrenal medulla   Epinephrine   Increases the response of the sympathetic division of the ANS   Amine  
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Adrenal medulla   Norepinephrine   Increases the response of the sympathetic division of the ANS   Amine  
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Adrenal cortex   Cortisol   Increases the breakdown of protein and fat in most tissue, allowing more glucose to be used in the brain   Steroid  
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Adrenal cortex   Aldosterone   Stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium from the urine   Steroid  
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Pancreas   Insulin   Stimulates most cells to take in glucose, which decreases glucose levels in the blood   Peptide/protein  
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Pancreas   Glucagon   Stimulates the liver to release glucose, which increases glucose levels in the blood   Peptide/protein  
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Ovaries   Estrogen   Promote reproductive capabilities   Steroid  
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Ovaries   Progesterone   Promote reproductive capabilities   Steroid  
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Testes   Testosterone   Promote reproductive capabilities   Steroid  
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Pineal body   Serotonin   Unknown   Peptide/protein  
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Pineal body   Melatonin   Affects the release of GnRH by the hypothalamus, affects the sleep cycle   Amine  
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Thymus gland   Thymosin   Involved in the development of the immune system   Peptide/protein  
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Hypothalamus   Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)   Increases the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary   Peptide/protein  
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