Pathology
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| Pathology | Study of disease, focusing on physiologic, gross, and microscopic morphologic changes in cells reacting to injury
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| Disease | An impairment of the normal state of the living animal or plant body that affects the performance of the vital functions
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| How are most disease catagorized? | Pathological processes
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| Etiology | Cause of disease
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| Iatrogenic | "provider induced"
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| Pathogenesis | description of the mechanisms by which diseases develop
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| Sign | objective evidence (a peceptible change) the signal disease
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| Symptom | a patient’s subjective experience or interpretation of the disease.
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| Syndrome | a group of signs &/or symptoms that characteristically occur together as a part of a single disease process
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| Pathognomonic | a sign, symptom or characteristic of a disease that leads to its accurate diagnosis.
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| Prognosis | reasonable predictions about the course of a disease or process taking into account the natural history, the expected effects of therapy and particular factors specific for the individual case.
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| Parenchyma | the functional elements of an organ, e.g., myocardial cell (myocyte) of the heart; neuron of the brain.
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| Stroma | the framework or support elements of an organ, e.g., the connective tissue (interstitium) of the heart surrounding the myocyte
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| Lesion | any pathological abnormality of tissue structure or function.
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| Describe deficiency when talking about causes of cell injury | Lack of necessary substance. Ex:Nutritional, inability to absorb of utilize nutrients, genetic defect leading to inadequate production or regulation
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| Describe intoxication when talkign about causes of cell injury | Presence of substance that interferes with cell function
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| Endogenous intoxication | Genetic defect, accumulation fo metabolite
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| Exogenous | infectious agents, chemicals, drugs (illegal and prescription)
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| Define trauma when talkign about causes of cell injury | Loss of structural integrity
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| Hypothermia (in realtion to traumma/cell injury) | Formation of ice crystals
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| Hyperthermia (in relation to trauma/cell injury) | Denaturation or oxidation of proteins
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| Mechanical pressure | Type of cell trauma
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| Infections(in relation to trauma/cell injury) | Cell rupture/lysis
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| Hypoxia | example of deprivation. State of tissue or cell oxygen deficiency
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| Ischemia | Example of deficiency. Oxygen deprevation due to lack of blood flow
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| Why do cells need oxygen | to make more ATP. 36 ATP made by oxidative phosphorylation comapred to 2 made with anaerobic glycolysis
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| What happens to cell if lack of oxygen is due to ischemia? | inflow of substrate decreases and efflux of metabolic end product slows.
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