Lesson 7 Transportation
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Origin-Destination Survey | Review of travel information used to determine future traffic patterns
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| Cross Tabulation Models | Groups variables to understand the correlation between different variables
Allows for estimates of trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose or socioeconomic characteristics
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| Trip End | Refers to the origin or destination point of a journey
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| Trip Distribution | Examines where people are going
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| Gravity Model | Provides trip estimates based directly on the proportional attractiveness of the zone and inversely proportional to the trip length
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| Model Split | Deals with how people get to where they want to go, and the form of transportation that they use
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| Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) | Amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hour period, average over a year
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| Peak Hour Volume | Equals the hourly traffic during the peak period
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| Seasonal Hour Volume | Peak hour volumes during different seasons
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| Design Hour Volume (DHV) | The capacity of the roadway to handle traffic
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| Traffic Assignment | Also known as trip assignment
Allows us to use network models to predict the distribution of traffic for each roadway by the hour
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| Vehicles Miles Traveled (VMT) | Measures the amount of travel for all vehicles in a geographic region over a period of time
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| Road Design | Focuses on everything from the nature of street hierarchy to actual design guidelines for local streets
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| Cross Section | An "ideal" road would have 10 foot travel lanes, 8 foot parking lanes, and a curb and planting strip
Standards can be traced to Federal Highways Administration studies following WWII
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| Typical Local Street Standards | 500 ft maximum tangents (curve)
Use of Stop signs or speed humps
150 ft between intersections
Clear sight distance of 75 ft
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| Where do typical street designs come from? | Ancient Greeks
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| What are the advantages of typical street design? | Ease of laying out streets
Lots of lanes
East of navigation (way finding)
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| What are the disadvantages of typical street design? | Maximum of 4-way intersections - creates conflicts
Tangent standards cannot always be met
Grids result in the maximum pavement and utility line cost
Streets can be used as parallel short-cuts during rush hour
Grids can be very monotonous and boring
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| Highway Capacity Manual | Published by the Transportation Research Board
Provides concepts, guidelines, and procedures for computing highway capacity and quality of service based on road type
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| Level of Service (LOS) | Range from A to F
A LOS of a means there is free flowing traffic and F means heavy traffic congestion with severely reduced traffic speeds
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| Federal-Aid Highway Act (1994) | Legislation established a National System of Interstate Highways, and required the Public Roads Administration to establish construction and operation standards for the Interstate Highway System
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| Public Roads Administration (PRA) | Responsible for implementing the highway system
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| Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 | Created federal mandate for urban transportation planning in the US
It was passed at a time when urban areas were beginning to plan interstate highway routes
Act call for continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative (3 c's) planning process
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| What did the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 also do? | Focused on providing funding for not just highways but also transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities
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| Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) | Create to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning
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| How were MPO's established? | 1965, Bureau of Public Roads required the creation of planning agencies that would be responsible for carrying out the required transportation planning process
As a result, MPO's were established
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| Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) | List of upcoming transportation projects - covering a period of at least four years
Prepared by the MPO's
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| Transportation Demand Management | Used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation
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| Car Sharing | Allows individuals to purchase a membership to a car service
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| Flextime | Allows employees to work at different times beyond the regular 8 to 5 workday
Reduces congestion on roadways during the peak commute times
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| Guaranteed Ride Home | Provides commuters who regularly carpool or use transit with a reliable ride home if an emergency arises
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| Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) | Is one of the tools of a total transportation demand management
CTR programs provide commutes with resources and incentives to reduce their vehicle trips, particularly during peak commute hours
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| Traffic Calming | Involves changes in street alignment, installation of barriers, and other physical measures to reduce traffic speeds and/or cut-through volumes, in the interest of street safety, and other public purposes
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| Chicane | Series of staggered curb extensions on altering sides of the roadway
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| Choker | Curb extension in the middle of a block
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| Fuller or Partial Closure | Does not allow traffic beyond a certain point in the roadway
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| Roundabouts | Require vehicles to circulate around a center island
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| Speed Humps | Are raised areas placed across a road and are 3 to 4 inches tall
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| Speed Table | Larger than a speed hump
Flat-top and may have brick or another textured material on the flat surface
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| Traffic Circles | Are raised landscapes islands located at the center of an intersection and can vary in size
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| Parking Requiremetns | Standard parking stall in 9 ft by 18 ft
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| Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) | National authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation. States are responsible for developing aviation plans that address air transportation across the state.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
amshinn18
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