Chapter 12 Terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| relative dating | a method of determining whether an event or object, such as a fossil, is older or younger than other events or objects without referring to the object's age in years
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| radiometric dating | a method of determining the absolute age of an object, often by comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotope
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| isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and a different atomic mass)
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| half-life | the time required for half a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope
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| index fossil | a fossil that is used to establish the age of a rock later because the fossil is distinct, abundant, and widespread and the species that formed that fossil existed for only a short span of geologic time
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| geological time scale | the standard method used to divide Earth's long natural history into manageable parts
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| era | a unit of geologic time that includes two or more periods
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| period | unit of geologic time that lasts tens of millions of years
and is associated with a particular type of rock system
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| epoch | smallest unit of geologic time, lasting several million years
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| nebula | a large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space, a region in space where stars are born
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| ribozyme | a type of RNA that can act as an enzyme
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| cyanobacteria | bacteria that carry out photosynthesis
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| endosymbiosis | a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within another
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| Paleozoic | era of geologic time (from 544 to 248 million years ago) during which members of every major animal group today evolved
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| Cambrian explosion | earliest part of the Paleozoic era, when a huge diversity of animal species evolved
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| Mesozoic | era during which dinosaurs roamed Earth (from 248 million years ago to 65 million years ago)
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| Cenozoic | geologic time period that began 65 million years ago and continues today
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| primate | the group of mammals that includes humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians; typically distinguished by a highly developed brain, flexible hands and feet, forward-looking eyes, and enlarged brains relative to body size
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| prosimian | oldest primate group that includes mostly small, nocturnal primates such as lemurs
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| anthropoid | humanlike primate
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| hominid | a primate characterized by bipedalism, relatively long lower limbs, and lack of a tail; examples include humans and their ancestors
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| bipedal | animal that walks on two legs
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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