ch1-4
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| density demonstrated on a film is | degree of blackening
🗑
|
||||
| contrast is primarily controlled by | kv
🗑
|
||||
| contrast is secondary controlling factor is | mAs
🗑
|
||||
| immobilization devices prevent what type of motion | volountary
🗑
|
||||
| short exposure controls what type of motion | involountary
🗑
|
||||
| if IR is angled at the head the angle is called | cephalic
🗑
|
||||
| who discovered x-rays and when | wilhelm conrad roentgen nov.8, 1895
🗑
|
||||
| device that has lead shutters, restricts beam | collimator
🗑
|
||||
| what plane divides the body into right and left halves | midsagittal
🗑
|
||||
| which body habitus fits 35% of people | hyposthenic
🗑
|
||||
| what body habitus is 50%, muscular, longer lung field | sthenic
🗑
|
||||
| name a pivot joint | c1-c2, radioulnar
🗑
|
||||
| name position when x-ray tube is overhead and patient is lying on table in oblique position with right side closest to the table | RPO
🗑
|
||||
| what side of the patient is prodominently down during a lateral decubitus | left
🗑
|
||||
| external landmark of the iliac crest | L4-L5
🗑
|
||||
| axial skeleton refers to what part of the skeleton | spine/ribs/skull
🗑
|
||||
| another term for AP oblique | LPO
🗑
|
||||
| left lateral decub could be | AP/PA projection
🗑
|
||||
| which geometric factors cause magnification or distortion | IR alignment, CR alignment, OID,SID
🗑
|
||||
| focal spot size is a controlling factor for what | resolution
🗑
|
||||
| smallest element of the matrix is a | pixel
🗑
|
||||
| why are the shoulders rolled forward on a PA chest | remove scapulas from lung field
🗑
|
||||
| in a PA chest CR is directed to level of | T-7
🗑
|
||||
| why are chest X-rays done from a 72in distance | prevent magnification
🗑
|
||||
| you can detect rotation on a PA chest by | SCJ, distance from spinal processes to pedicles
🗑
|
||||
| rotation on a Lateral chest is determined by | left posterior ribs are longer than right posterior ribs
🗑
|
||||
| why is a PA upright preferred over AP upright | less heart magnification from PA
🗑
|
||||
| what is the range of kV for a chest radiograph | 100-130 kVp
🗑
|
||||
| the angle of the CR for a patient in a bed or wheel chair | sternum body
🗑
|
||||
| muscles located on either side of lumbar vertebral column that determines proper density on an abdomen | psoas muscles
🗑
|
||||
| a three way abdomen series consists of | AP upright w/40SID, AP supine w/40SID, erect chest 72SID
🗑
|
||||
| kVp range for abdomen radiograph is | 70-80
🗑
|
||||
| what is an alternate abdominal image for a patient unable to stand for the upright | L lateral decub
🗑
|
||||
| what anatomy must be demonstrated on a supine abdomen that is not necessary demonstrated on the supine image | symphis pubis
🗑
|
||||
| where do you position the CR for a supine abdomen | Iliac crest
🗑
|
||||
| where do you position the CR for an upright abdomen | 2" above the iliac crest
🗑
|
||||
| radiographs of the abdomen are taken on what type of respiration | expiration
🗑
|
||||
| name the ten body systems and one function for each | endocrine hormones muscular postureskeletal support tissue integumentary skinreproductive reproduce organismrespiratory eliminates CO2digestive eliminates wasteurinary regulate fluid circulatory body tempnervous electric impulse
🗑
|
||||
| four classification of bones and example for each | long-humerus, femurshort-tarsals, carpalsflat-scapula, sternumirregular-pelvis,vertebrae
🗑
|
||||
| what part of the bone produces red blood cells | medullary
🗑
|
||||
| what are the primary and secondary growth centers | periosteum, secondary is ephysis until age 25
🗑
|
||||
| classification of joint functions | synarthrosis-immovablamiarthrosis-limited movementdiathrosis-freely movable
🗑
|
||||
| classification of joint structures and examples | fibrous-(no movement)skull, roots of teethcartilaginous-(limited movement)ephysis,symphysis pubis,disk spacesynovial(contains fluid)-freely movable 1st carpometacarpal, interphalageal,hip
🗑
|
||||
| types of joint movements and example of anatomy demonstrating movement | plane-intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal hinge-elbow and 2-5 digitspivot-C1-C2, distal radioulnarellipsoidal-wristsaddle-1st carpalmetacarpal(thumb), ankleball-n-socket-shoulder, hipbicondylar-mandibular, knee
🗑
|
||||
| what is a projection | direction, path of central ray
🗑
|
||||
| what is a position | general body position, terms include planes or sections
🗑
|
||||
| term for image of anatomical parts | radiograph
🗑
|
||||
| minimum number of projections are | if joints are of interest 3, pelvis 1-unless hip injury, 2-for determining positioning routines
🗑
|
||||
| how are radiographs to be viewed | hang so patient is facing viewer in anatomical position, digits hung up, decubs with side up marker,
🗑
|
||||
| what are the exposure factors | kV, mA, exposure time
🗑
|
||||
| what is the purpose of compensating filters | filter out portion of primary beam to dense parts
🗑
|
||||
| controlling factors for contrast | scatter, close collimation, grids
🗑
|
||||
| what makes a long scale low contrast image | high kV
🗑
|
||||
| another name for sharpness and its controlling factors | resolution small focal spot, motion, SID,OID
🗑
|
||||
| if objects look misrepresented in size or shape they are and the controlling factors | distorted OID,SID,CR alignment
🗑
|
||||
| another name for density | blackness
🗑
|
||||
| what is the 15% rule | up your kV 15%, then 1/2 mAs
🗑
|
||||
| name 6 quality factors for digital | brightness-replaces densitycontrast-difference in light and dark areasresolution-sharpnessdistortion-SID,OID,CR alignmentExposur index-value recieved by IR (dependent on mAs,kV, area radiatedNoise-obsecures image clarity, high SNR is desirable
🗑
|
||||
| what are some post processing options on Digital | windowing-contrast&brightnesssmoothing-brightness, closer pixelsmagnification-magnifyedge-enhancement-increase brightnesssubtraction-cut off back round anatomyimage reversal-light-to-darkannotation-add text to image
🗑
|
||||
| cr system consists of | image plates, reader, workstation
🗑
|
||||
| digital imaging has more or less repeats | less, because radiograph can be manipulated by post processing options
🗑
|
||||
| three muscles visible on abdomen radiograph | 2-psoas muscles and diaphram
🗑
|
||||
| what are the major organs of the digestive system | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,small intestine,lg intestine
🗑
|
||||
| what major organs of the digestive system are also part of the respitory system | oral cavity and pharynx
🗑
|
||||
| pharynx turns into | esophagus
🗑
|
||||
| what are the accessory organs of the digestive system and their function | pancreas-produces insulinliver-produces bile, largest solid organ of bodygallbladder-stores bile
🗑
|
||||
| urinary system consists of | kidneys-eliminates excessive water from blooduteter-goes to bladderbladder-stores urineurethra-volountary controlsuprarenal glands
🗑
|
||||
| what are the seven landmarks for the abdomen | xiphoid process,inferior costal rib margin (t9-t10_,iliac crest L4-L5,ASIS,greater trochanter,symphis pubis, ischial turbosity
🗑
|
||||
| what is ascites | accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
🗑
|
||||
| post-op abdomen holds air for how long | 2-3wks after surgery
🗑
|
||||
| what projections for a 3-way acute series | AP supine,AP erect,PA chest
🗑
|
||||
| what projections for a 2-way acute series | AP supine,AP erect or L lateral decub
🗑
|
||||
| how many projections for a KUB, what is of interest for a KUB | 1, kidneys,uterer,bladder
🗑
|
||||
| name the nine regions | right hypochondriac, epigastric,L hypochondriacR lateral lumbar,umbilical,L lateral lumbarR iliac,hypogastric,L iliac
🗑
|
||||
| what is contained in the retroperitoneal cavity | adrenal glands,kidneys,pancreas,duodenum,ascending colon,descending colon,ureter
🗑
|
||||
| what is contained in the intraperitoneal cavity | liver,gallbladder,spleen,stomach,jejunum,ileum,cecum,transverse and sigmoid colon
🗑
|
||||
| what is contained in the infraperitoneal cavity | bladder,reproductive organs,rectum
🗑
|
||||
| three landmarks for a chest projection | C-7,jugular notch, xiphoid process
🗑
|
||||
| bony thorax consists of | sternum,manbrium,xiphoid process,2 clavicles,2 scapulae,twelve pair of ribs,twelve thoracic vertebrae
🗑
|
||||
| Respitory system is made of what four parts of anatomy | pharynx,trachea,bronchi,lungs
🗑
|
||||
| when diaphram moves down what happens to the volume of the thorax | increases
🗑
|
||||
| larynx is the voice box and what prominence | laryngeal
🗑
|
||||
| the thyroid is sensitive to exposure, why is it so unique | stores hormones,regulates metabolism,regulates body growth,and nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| bronch split at what level of thoracic vertabrae | T4 or T5
🗑
|
||||
| the lowest margin of the separation of the trachea into R and L bronchi | carina
🗑
|
||||
| how many lobes in the right lung,and name them | 3, superior or upper,middle,inferior or lower
🗑
|
||||
| what is air or gas present in the pleural cavity called | pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Pleura is made up of 3 parts | outer-parietal,middle-pleura cavity,inner-viscreal
🗑
|
||||
| upper area above clavicles | apex
🗑
|
||||
| Chest radiograph important structures | apex,sternoclavicular joints, hilum,diaphram,costaphrenic angles,heart
🗑
|
||||
| four radiographically important structures located inside the mediastinum are | thymus gland,heart and great vessels,trachea,esophagus
🗑
|
||||
| hearts location in reference to the sternum | body of sternum,or 5-8 thoracic vertabrae
🗑
|
||||
| how many ribs should be shown in an adult radiograph | 10
🗑
|
||||
| what are some patient preparations | removal of opaque objects,remove long hair or braids form field,oxygen lines or leads should be removed from field
🗑
|
||||
| anything over a certain kVp requires a grid, what kVp | 100
🗑
|
||||
| for geriatric patients a special consideration is necessary because they have shallow lung fields | higher CR location
🗑
|
||||
| if only 8-ribs are shown the exposure could have been taken on inspiration or expiration | expiration
🗑
|
||||
| three reasons chests are done erect | diaphram moves down-liver and other organs move down air and fluid levels visible-air rises, fluid gravitates to lowest positionprevent engorgement of vessels
🗑
|
||||
| what is kyphosis | hump back curvature
🗑
|
||||
| what is the purpose of chin extension | chin and neck not superimposed on uppermost lung region
🗑
|
||||
| CR location on a chest | hand spread methodmale 8in. and female 7in
🗑
|
||||
| what is atelectasis | collapse lung
🗑
|
||||
| increase exposure for these conditions | atelectasis,pleural effusion,RDS
🗑
|
||||
| where do you collimate | outer skin margins
🗑
|
||||
| what is in the RUQ | liver,gallbladder,R hepatic flexure,duodenum,head of pancreas,R kidney,R suprarenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| what is in the LUQ | spleen,stomach,L splenic flexure,tail of pancreas,L kidney,L suprarenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| what is in the RLQ | ascending colon,appendix,cecum,ileocecal valve,2/3 of ileum
🗑
|
||||
| what is in the LLQ | descending colon,sigmoid colon and 2/3 of jejunum
🗑
|
||||
| what is ileus | non mechanical bowel obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| anode heel effect basic concept | more intense under cathode
🗑
|
||||
| example of high contrast,short scale | 50kV 800mAs
🗑
|
||||
| how do you increase contrast | close collimation reduces scatter for better quality radiograph
🗑
|
||||
| body parts measuring over what require a grid | 10CM
🗑
|
||||
| what will happen on the sides of a radiograph if your focal spot is to large | penumbra-unsharp edges of objects
🗑
|
||||
| what are the exposure factors for pediatric patients | use pigg-o-stat,60-70 kV
🗑
|
||||
| summarize resolution factors | small focal spot,increase SID,decrease OID
🗑
|
||||
| the least amount of distortion is seen at | the CR
🗑
|
||||
| some advantages of DR over CR | DR eliminates cassettes,imaging processing is shorter,reduced exposure factors
🗑
|
||||
| what is the PACS | Picture,Archiving,Communication,Systemconnection of various equipment that are able to communicate and transmit images and information
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
mharvey
Popular Radiology sets