Antivirals, Antifungals, Antiparisitics, Antihistimines, Antiinflammatory
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| acyclovir | -cyclovir /
Antiviral /
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis /
Herpes Simplex V, Varicella Zoster V, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus /
Renal Clearance /
Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity /
Interaction with zidovudine
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| ganciclovir | -cyclovir /
Antiviral /
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis /
Herpes Simplex V, Varicella Zoster V, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus /
Renal Clearance /
Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity /
Interaction with zidovudine
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| foscarnet | no root /
Antiviral /
Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase & HIV reverse transcriptase /
HSV, VZV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus /
NOT FIRST LINE /
Renal Elimination /
Nephrotoxicity /
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| amantadine | -mantadine /
Antiviral /
Inhibition of viral uncoating /
Influenza A/
NOT Commonly Used /
Very common resistance /
<5% have CNS toxicity /
Interaction with antihistamines, anticholinergics, alcohol
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| oseltamivir | -amivir /
Antiviral /
Neuraminidase Inhibitor /
Inhibition of viral budding /
Influenza A & B /
MUST BE USED IMMEDIATELY /
Resistance fairly common /
CI distress, Pregnancy Category C /
Interaction with live vaccines
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| zanamivir | -amivir /
Antiviral /
Neuraminidase Inhibitor /
Inhibition of viral budding /
Influenza A & B /
MUST BE USED IMMEDIATELY /
Resistance fairly common /
CI distress, Pregnancy Category C /
Interaction with live vaccines
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| ribavirin | no root /
Antiviral /
inhibition of IMPDH leads to depletion of GTP levels, can also inhibit viral RNA polymerase /
Hepatitis C /
Interacts with zidovudine /
Pregnancy category X /
Anemia
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| zidovudine | no root /
Antiviral /
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhivitor (NRTI) (Thymidine homolog) /
HIV /
RARELY USED NOW because of frequent drug interactions /
Granulocytopenia, metabolic lactic acidosis
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| nevirapine | no root /
Antiviral /
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor /
HIV /
CYP P450s Clearance /
rash, liver toxicity
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| indinavir | no root /
Antiviral /
HIV-protease inhibitor /
HIV /
RARELY USED NOW /
CYP P450s Clearance /
Altered lipid metabolism & fat redistribution, nephrolithiasis
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| caspofungin | -fungin /
Antifungal /
Cell wall synthesis by inhibiting 1,3-beta glucan synthase. Fungicidal /
Invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis /
Very well-tolerated /
Hepatic clearance /
IV infusion /
Interaction with immunosuppressants
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| amphotericin B | no root /
Antifungal /
Binds ergosterol in fungal membranes and forms a pore /
Broad-spectrum for severe fungal infections /
IV infusion /
Renal clearance /
Side effects are "amphoterrible"
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| terbinafine | no root /
Antifungal /
inhibits ergosterol synthesis enzyme squalene epoxidase decreases mebmrane fluidity and integrity /
dermatophytes
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| fluconazole | -conazole /
Antifungal /
interfere with ergosterol synthesis inhibit lanosteral-14 alpha demethylase /
superficial and systemic fungal infections /
CSF distribution /
Renal elimination
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| itraconazole | -conazole /
Antifungal /
interfere with ergosterol synthesis inhibit lanosteral-14 alpha demethylase /
superficial and systemic fungal infections /
hepatotoxicity /
NOT CSF /
Metabolic clearance
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| flucytosine | no root /
Antifungal /
inhibits DNA synthesis, converted to 5'fluorouracil (toxic) /
systemic fungal infections (used with amphotericin B to treat cryptococcal meningitis /
renal eliminated /
CONTRAINDICATED during pregnancy
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| griseofulvin | no root /
Antifungal /
binds microtubules, mitosis inhibitor /
restricted to dermatophytes /
must be used until injured tissue replaces itself
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| pentamidine | no root /
Antifungal /
poorly understood mechanism, interacts with DNA, RNA, topoisomerase, and ubiquitin /
Alternative treatment for pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia /
nephrotoxiticy, cardiovascular, hypoglycemia /
NO CNS penetration
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| trimethroprim (TMP) / sulfamethoxazole (SMX) | no root /
Antifungal & Antibacterial /
folate antagonist /
SMX inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) /
TMP inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) /
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| metronidazole | Antiparisitic /
lots
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| chloroquine | Antiparisitic /
malaria
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| quinine/quinidine | Antiparisitic /
malaria
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| gluconate | Antiparisitic /
cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis
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| atovaquone-proguanil | Antiparisitic /
Babesiosis
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| primaquine | Antiparisitic /
malaria
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| sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine | Antiparisitic /
malaria
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| sodium stibogluconate | Antiparisitic /
Visceral leishmaniasis
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| nifurtimox | Antiparisitic /
American trypanosomes/Chagas’ disease
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| suramin | Antiparisitic /
African sleeping sickness
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| melarsoprol | Antiparisitic /
African sleeping sickness
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| mebendazole | Antiparisitic /
whipworm
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| pyrantel pamoate | Antiparisitic /
hookworms
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| ivermectin | Antiparisitic /
threadworm
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| praziquantel | Antiparisitic /
Flatworms and cestodes
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| diphenhydramine | Antihistamine /
1st Gen H1 receptor antagonist (sedation) /
Widely distributed in body including CNS /
Competitive Inhibitor /
Used in allergic reactions, cold and flu, motion sickness, parkinson's
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| promethazine | Antihistamine /
1st Gen H1 receptor antagonist (sedation) /
Widely distributed in body including CNS /
Competitive Inhibitor /
Used in allergic reactions, cold and flu, motion sickness, parkinson's
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| dimenhydrinate | Antihistamine /
1st Gen H1 receptor antagonist (sedation) /
Widely distributed in body including CNS /
Competitive Inhibitor /
Used in allergic reactions, cold and flu, motion sickness, parkinson's
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| chlorpheniramine | Antihistamine /
1st Gen H1 receptor antagonist (sedation) /
Widely distributed in body including CNS /
Competitive Inhibitor /
Used in allergic reactions, cold and flu, motion sickness, parkinson's
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| cetirizine | Antihistamine
2nd Gen H1 Receptor Antagonist /
NOT distributed to CNS, more selective for peripheral H1 receptors /
Inhibits H1 receptor /
Used for allergic reactions
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| loratadine | Antihistamine
2nd Gen H1 Receptor Antagonist /
NOT distributed to CNS, more selective for peripheral H1 receptors /
Inhibits H1 receptor /
Used for allergic reactions
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| fexofenadine | Antihistamine
3rd Gen H1 Receptor Antagonist /
Increased efficacy & fewer adverse effects /
Inhibits H1 receptor /
Used for allergic reactions
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| acetylsalicylic acid | Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) /
Aspirin /
Low doses have an anti-thrombotic effect /
Intermediate doses as an analgesis, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of COX-1 & 2/
High doses as anti-inflammatory effects in rheumatic disorders
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| celecoxib | Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) /
Selective inhibition of COX-2 with minimal effect on COX-1 /
GI side effects and Renal toxicity less than other NSAIDs. /
No significant inhibition of platelet aggregation /
Potential for MI or stroke /
Pain, swell, infla
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| ibuprofen | Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) /
non-selective, reversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 /
lowest incidence of GI side ffects of all NSAIDs /
Fever, mild to moderate pain, inflammation
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| naproxen | Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) /
non-selective, reversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 /
smallest overall cardiovascular risks of NSAIDs /
Fever, mild to moderate pain, inflammation
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