Chapter 10 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| evolution | generally it's the process of change by which new species develop from preexisting species over time; at the genetic level, the process in which inherited characteristics with populations change over time; Darwin defined it "descent with modification
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| species | a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies
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| fossil | the trace of remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
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| catastrophism | theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth's landforms and caused extinction of some species
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| gradualism | a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity
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| uniformitarianism | theory that states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time
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| variation | differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs
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| adaptation | the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive
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| artificial selection | the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
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| heritability | ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next
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| natural selection | the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individual do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution
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| population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geological area
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| fitness | measure of an organism's ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population
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| biogeography | the study of the geographical distribution of living organisms and fossils on Earth
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| homologous structure | body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions
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| analogous structure | body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different
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| vestigial structure | remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor
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| paleontology | study of fossils or extinct organisms
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