Micro
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| 4 General Principles of Microscopy | show 🗑
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| show | Smaller wavelengths of radiation result in enhanced microscopy
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| Magnification | show 🗑
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| show | *Is the ability to distinguish objects that are close together
*Smaller wavelengths = increased resolution
*Resolution distance = 0.61 x wavelength/numerical aperture
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| Contrast | show 🗑
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| Resolution | show 🗑
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| show | Contain a single magnifying lens – similar to magnifying glass & Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes
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| Bright-Field Microscopes - Compound | show 🗑
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| Dark-Field Microscopes | show 🗑
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| show | Used to examine living organisms or specimens that would be damaged/altered by attaching them to slides or staining
2 types:
Phase-contrast microscope (good 4 cilia & flagella)
Diff interference contrast microscope (creates a 3D shadowed appearance)
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| Fluorescence Microscopes | show 🗑
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| show | Use fluorescent dyes
Use UV lasers to illuminate fluorescent chemicals in a single plane
Resolution is increased because emitted light passes through pinhole aperture
Computer constructs 3-D image from individual digitized images
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| Electron Microscopy | show 🗑
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| Probe Microscopy | show 🗑
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| show | Dyes used stains are usually salts tht are composed of a + charged cation & a – charged anion
Acidic dyes stain alkaline structures (neg stains)
Basic dyes stain acidic structures (simple stains)
Most cells/ bacteria are neg charged
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| show | colored portion of the dye
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| show | Use more than one dye
Used to distinguish between diff cells, chemicals, structures
Common differ stains:
Gram
Acid-fast
Endospore
Histological
Bacillus & Clostridium produce endospores
*Highly resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals
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| show | Simple stains used to identify specific microbial structures
Special stains include:
* Negative stains: are negatively charged and repelled by a negatively charged bacterium
*Flagellar stains
*Fluorescent stains
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| Taxonomy | show 🗑
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| Carolus Linnaeus | show 🗑
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| show | Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Prokaryotae
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| show | Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea
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| show | Physical characteristics
Biochemical tests
Serological tests (Blood)
Phage typing (Virus)
Analysis of nucleic acids
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| MicroScan | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacterial cells
Phages are specific for the hosts they infect
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| show | Nucleic acid sequence can be used to classify and identify microbes
Prokaryotic taxonomy now includes the G + C content of an organism's DNA
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| Dichotomous keys | show 🗑
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| show | Nanometer
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| show | 1000 times smaller
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| Resolution is best described as the __________. a. ability to view something that is small. b. ability to magnify a specimen c. ability to distinguish between 2 adjacent objects d. difference between 2 waves of electromagnetic radiation | show 🗑
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| Curved glass lenses __________ light. a. refract b. bend c. magnify d. both a and b | show 🗑
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| Which of the following factors is important in making an image appear larger? a. thickness of the lens b. curvature of the lens c. speed of the light passing through the lens d. all of the above | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is different between light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy? a. magnification b. resolution c. wavelengths d. all of the above | show 🗑
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| show | b
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| Which of the following microscopes combines the greatest magnification with the best resolution? a. confocal microscope b. phase-contrast microscope c. dark-field microscope d. bright-field microscope | show 🗑
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| Negative stains such as eosin are also called __________. a. capsule stains b. endospore stains c. simple stains d. acid-fast stains | show 🗑
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| show | specific epithet
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| different objective | show 🗑
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| show | 600x
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| show | increases, increases, more
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| show | contrast
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| show | A series of steps that must be taken to prove the cause of any infectious disease
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| The type of fixation developed by Koch for bacteria is | show 🗑
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| Catonic chromophore said such as methylene blue ionically bond to | show 🗑
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Created by:
Cpvander
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