Pharm chapter 32
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| The stomach has 3 primary functions | storing food until it can be processed in the lower GI tract: miking food with gastric secretions until it is a partially digested, semisolid mixture known as chyme: and slowly emptying the stomach at a rate that allows proper digestion and absorption
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| what secretory cells line portions of the stomach | chief, parietal, and mucus cells
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| chief cells secrete | pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme
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| Parietal cells secrete | hydrochloric acid by way of a hydrogen ion pump, which activates pepsinogen to pepsin
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| normal pH of the stomach? | 1 to 5, depending on the presence of food and medications
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| mucous cells | secrete mucus, which coats the stomach wall and protects the stomach wall from damage by hydrochloric acid and pepsin
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| Lipases digest? | Fat
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| Gastric Amalase digests? | carbohydrates
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| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | is the reflux of gastric secretions, primarily pepsin and hydrochloric acid, up into the esophagus
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| Causes of GERD | weakened lower esophageal sphincter, delayed gastric emptying, hiatal hernia, obesity, overeating, tight fitting clothing, and increased acid secretions
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| frequent bouts of GERD lead to | inflammation, tissue erosion and ulcerations in the lower esophagus
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| Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | refers to several stomach disorders that result from an imbalance between acidic stomach contents and the body normal defense barrier causing ulcerations in the GI tract
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| Antacids | lower the acidity of gastric secretions by buffering the hydrochloric acid, are commonly used for heartburn, excessive eating and drinking and PUD
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| Simethicone is | a defaming agent that breaks up gas bubbles in the stomach, reducing stomach distention and heartburn.
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| the most effective antacid are combinations of | aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, and calcium carbonate
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| who should use low sodium antacids | patients with edema, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, pregnancy, or salt restricted diets
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