GEO Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Subfields of Geography? | Hydrosphere (bodies of water) and Lithosphere (The ground. I.e.: hills, valleys, mountains)
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| Where does latitude begin? | 0 (N-S) to 90 *Equator*
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| Where does longitude begin? | 0-180 (E-W) *Greenwich, England*
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| Coordinates of Capricorn | 23.5 SOUTH
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| Coordinates of Cancer | 23.5 NORTH
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| Coordinates of Equator | 0 LATITUDE, ANY longitude
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| Coordinates of Arctic Circle | 66.5 NORTH
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| Coordinates of Antarctic Circle | 66.5 SOUTH
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| Coordinates of Prime Meridian | 0- LONGITUDE, ANY Latitude
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| Coordinates of Mobile Alabama | 30.70 North
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| Maximum Measurement of Latitude? | 90 Degrees North or South of Equator
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| Maximum Measurement of Longitude? | 180 Degrees East or West of Prime Meridian
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| Shape of the Earth? | Oblate Spheroid (Bulge at equator, flattened poles)
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| Four Types of Map Distortions? | Area, Shape, Distance, Direction
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| Three families of projections? | Plane (Azimuthal), Cylindrical, Conic
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| What is Plane Projection best for? | POLAR AREA
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| What is Cylindrical projection best for? | WORLD MAP *SAILORS***
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| What is Conic projection best for? | U.S. / Wide East-West Maps
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| What is the problem with the Mercator projection? | Distorts size of objects as latitude increases
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| What is GIS? | Geographic Information Systems (Complex computer program that puts lots of maps together to study data)
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| What is remote sensing? | Drones/ Satellites... Mechanical collection of data from a distance, often aerial
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| What are isolines? | Lines drawn to join equal points
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| What are contour lines | Connect two points of equal elevation
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| What is the purpose of topographic maps? | To contour equal lines of elevation (physical geography) *Has vertical scale to determine a point in a 3 dimensional space*
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| What is a mineral? | Naturally occurring, inorganic substance
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| What four minerals comprise most of the Earth? | silicate, oxygen, iron, magnesium
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| What are the two most abundant minerals on Earth? | Oxygen and silicate
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| What is a rock? | Inorganic substance containing one or more minerals
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| What are the three rock types? | Igneous (NEW ROCK), sedimentary (SEDIMENT), magnesium (CHANGED ROCK)
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| Extrusive rock? | Igneous rock formed above ground. Cools quickly, no visible crystals
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| Intrusive rock? | Below ground, cools slowly, large crystals
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| What forms sedimentary rock? | Sediment deposited by wind, water, ice cemented together into rock
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| What forms limestone? | Mostly skeletal material of marine organisms (shells, coral etc)
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| What type of rock forms on lake bottoms and ocean floors? | Sedimentary
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| How is metamorphic rock formed? | CHANGED ROCK.... Formed by other rocks under intense heat and pressure
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| Which rock type is easiest to erode? | Sedimentary
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| 2 examples of sedimentary rock? | Limestone and Sandstone
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| 2 examples of Igneous rock? | Basalt and granite
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| 2 examples of metamorphic rock? | Quartzite and marble
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| What rock type is found continentally? | Igneous
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| What rock types are found oceanicly? | Sedimentary and Igneous
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| How have scientists learned about the Earth's interior? | Seismic waves (earthquakes)
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| Three types of seismic waves? | PRIMARY, SECONDARY, SURFACE
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| Describe Primary Waves: | Travel fastest, travel through any material
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| Describe Secondary Waves: | Slower waves, travel only through solids
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| Describe Surface Waves: | Slowest waves, CAUSE MOST DAMAGE
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| Surface Waves can be compared to... | waves in the Ocean
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| Which Seismic waves can travel through liquid? | Primary Waves
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| Earth's layers in order from inner most: | Inner Core (solid), Outer Core (Liquid), Mantle (Plastic-like), Crust (solid)
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| Inner Core material: | Solid
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| Outer core material: | Liquid
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| Mantle material: | Plastic Like
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| Crust Material: | Solid
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| Oceanic VS Continental Crust: | Oceanic Crust: THINNER, YOUNGER, HEAVIER
Continental Crust: OLDER, THICKER, LIGHTER
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| How old is Earth, as per radiometric dating? | 4.5 Billion years old
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| Describe the theory of catastrophism? | Explains why landforms are shaped the way they are. Blames catastrophes not operating today.
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| Describe the theory of uniformitarianism? | Present is key to the past. Laws govern landscape processes. *What we use today*
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| Evidence supporting continental drift theory? | Shapes/biological/geological matching
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| What is Pangea? | "New Earth" (All continents were once one)
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| Who is Alfred Wegener? | Biogeographer who proposed continental drift theory
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| What evidence supports sea floor spreading? | Used to explain plate motion (lithosphere)
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| What are the components of the plate tectonics theory? | Continental drift + seafloor spreading + new data.
Plate process of formation/movement/ deconstruction
Answers why volcanoes/earthquakes happen where they do
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| How are convection and plate tectonics theory connected? | Mechanism is convection (transfer of heat/energy)
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| Longitude Measures What directions? | East/West
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| Latitude Measures what directions? | North/South
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| Circles of illumination? | Divides the Earth into two equal halves: one is illuminated by the sun, one is dark
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| Define Parallels | Straight lines that never converge, EQUALLY SPACED
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| Define meridians | Converge at the poles
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| Science of map making is called | Cartography
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| Definition of Map | Generalized view of an area as seen from above and reduced in size
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| Advantages of globe: | True shapes, directions and areas
(On map, one or more of these is lost when trying to accurately flatten a sphere)
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| Lines of longitude are called... | Meridians
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| 180 degrees East and West meet at... | The international date line
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| Longitude uses | Passage of the day and seconds/minutes
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| One degree of latitude is equal to about... | 69 miles/ 60 minutes
Each degree can be broken down to minutes and seconds
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| Relative location | Descriptive
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| Absolute location | Mathematically based
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| Graticule | Pattern of parallel and medians on a globe
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| New theory for motion (1930s) | Thermal connective cells in the upper mantle, like boiling water
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| Paleomagnetism | Reversal of Earths magnetic field
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Created by:
kspurgeon12
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