Chapter 10 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| radioactive decay | the disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by the emission of radiation, the nuclear capture or ejection of electrons, or fission
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| nuclear radiation | the particles that are released from the nucleus during radioactive decay, such as neutrons, electrons, and photons
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| alpha particle | a positively charged particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons and that is emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay; it is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom and has a charge of +2
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| beta particle | an electron or positron that is emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay
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| gamma ray | the high-energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay
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| half-life | the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope
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| fission | the process by which a nucleus splits into two or more fragments and releases neutrons and energy
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| nuclear chain reaction | a continuous series of nuclear fission reactions
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| critical mass | the minimum mass of a fissionable isotope that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction
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| fusion | the process in which light nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures, forming heavier nuclei and releasing energy
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| background radiation | the nuclear radiation that arises naturally from cosmic rays and from radioactive isotopes in the soil and air
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| rem | the quantity of ionizing radiation that does as much damage to human tissue as 1 roentgen of high-voltage X rays does
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| radiactive tracer | a radioactive material that is added to a substance so that its distribution can be detected later
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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