Ch 17, 30, 31, 32
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Name the 4 types of shock: | Hypovolemic, Distributive, Obstructive, Cardiogenic
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| Distributive shock can be broken into 3 categories: | Neurogenic, Septic, and Anaphylactic
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| What is the most common type of shock? | Hypovolemic Shock
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| What are 2 causes of hypovolemic shock? | Blood and fluid loss.
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| What is the number one cause of heart failure? | Myocardial Infarction
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| A major cause of ___________ shock is massive vasodilation. | Distributive
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| What are the s/sx of sepsis? | Elevated temp., bounding pulse, tachycardia, flushed skin, elevated WBC.
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| What are endotoxins? | bacterial waste
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| What is SIRS? | Inflammation without a proven source of infection, it precedes septic shock. Early detection is vital.
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| What medication is used to treat anaphylactic shock? | Epinephrine
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| Examples of obstructive shock: | Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, ascites, hepatomegaly, pulmonary embolus
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| When hypoxia occurs at a cellular level, there is a build up of ____________. | Lactic Acid
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| What is the number one cause of ARDS? | Septic Shock
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| What is the first organ to fail r/t shock? | Kidneys
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| What lab tests are run to determine kidney function? | Creatinine, BUN
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| Decreased urine output is indicative of ________ _______. | Kidney failure
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| What labs are run to determine liver function? | AST, ALT
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| What happens to a cell if there is too much sodium? | The cell dies, leading to tissue death.
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| During stage 1 (compensation) of shock, what trends will the nurse see in the VS? | Decreased BP, increased temp/pulse/respirations
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| What are the s/sx of stage 2 (decompensation) of shock? | Decreased BP, HR, peristalsis, and urine output, cold/pale skin, lethargic
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| Lactate greater than ____ is indicative of shock. | 2
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| Normal digoxin level: | 0.5-2
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| If a pt is given vasopressors, how often should the nurse monitor VS? | q 5 minutes
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| Name 2 positive inotropic agents: | dobutamine, digoxin
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| When are vasopressors given to a pt in shock? | Vasopressors are given to a pt after fluid resuccitation.
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| What is the main role of the lymphatic system? | Mature lymphocytes
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| Expected WBC: | 5,000-10,000
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| Expected iron range for female: | 60-160
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| Expected iron range for male: | 80-180
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| Expected platelet count: | 150,000-400,000
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| Desired INR range for a pt on warfarin therapy: | 2-3sec
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| Expected PT range: | 11-12.5 sec
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| Expected INR range: | 0.8-1.1 sec
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| Expected aPTT range: | 30-40 sec
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| Expected Hct range for Female: | 37-47%
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| Expected Hct range for Male: | 42-52%
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| Expected Hgb range for Female: | 12-16
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| Expected Hgb range for Male: | 14-18
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| If bilirubin is too high, what can it do to infants? | Elevated bilirubin can become toxic to the brain if left untreated.
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| Natural heparin is secreted by which of the granulocytes? | Basophils
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| What is bilirubin? | Bilirubin is residual pigment from destroyed erythrocytes.
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| What is the life span of a leukocyte? | 1-2 days d/t high demand
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| Thrombocytes have a life span of 7.5 days, where are they produced? | Red bone marrow
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| What is the make up of plasma? | 90% water, 10% proteins
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| What is fibrogen responsible for? | Forming blood clots.
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| This plasma protein maintains volume intravascularly. | Albumin
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| What is the job of globulins? | Globulins prevent and modify infections
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| Name the four blood types: | A,B,AB,O
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| Universal blood donor | Type O-
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| Universal blood recipient | Type AB
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| Where is the spleen located? | LUQ
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| Lymphedema | Accumulation of lymphatic fluid from impaired lymph circulation
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| Assessment findings for lymphedema: | swelling, tight skin, weeping/oozing, firm, shiny, brawny (orange)
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| How is lymphedema treated? | Symptomatic, elevation, compression sleeves/stockings, complex decongestive physiotherapy
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| Lymphangitis | inflamed lymph vessels
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| Lymphadenitis | inflamed lymph nodes
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| How are lymphangitis and lymphadenitis treated? | Broad spectrum antibiotics
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| Assessment Findings of lymphangitis/lymphadenitis: | red streaks, fever, tender/enlarged lymph nodes
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| How do sx of mono last? | 2-6 weeks
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| What is the most common sign of mono? | fatigue
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| TorF: Mono is best treated with bed rest. | True, Bed rest is the best thing for mono, along with analgesics and antipyretics.
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| How is mono transmitted?? | direct contact with saliva
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| When the epstein-barr virus causes mutations in some lymphocytes creating malignant reed-sternberg cells, what is this indicative of? | Hodgkin's Disease
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| S/sx of Hodgkin's disease: | weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, low grade fever, pruritis, and night sweats
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| How is Hodgkin's treated? | localized radiation and antibiotic therapy for secondary infections
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| The most common form of lymphoma. | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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| indolent non-hodgkin's lymphoma | asymptomatic at diagnosis
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| agressive non-hodgkin's lymphoma | acute symptoms
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| A sudden loss of large volume or a chronic loss of small amounts of blood is ___________ anemia. | Hypovolemic
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| How is IM iron given? | z track
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| Iron-deficiency anemia is most common in | teenage girls
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| expected hgb range for pt with sickle cell anemia | 7-10
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| What are some environmental causes of of hemolytic anemia? | lead, arsenic, malaria
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