Vocabulary
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| Arthrology | study of joints
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| Angio | Vessel
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| Antegrade | with the flow
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| Anuria | Absence of urine
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| Aneurysm AAA | abnormal widening of the blood vessel
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| Ascites | Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| Appendicities | inflammation of the appendix
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| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | enlargement of the prostate
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| Bezoar | mass in the stomach formed by material that does not pass into the intestine
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| Boxer's fracture | fracture to the neck of the metacarpal (typically the 5th metacarapal)
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| Calculus | abnormal conretion of mineral salts, often called a stone
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| Cholecystography | Radiographic study of gallbladder
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| cholangiography | radiographic examination of the bile ducts with contrast medium
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| chole | bile or biliary system
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| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder
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| Cholelithiasis | stones in the gallbladder or the common bile duct
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| Choleliths | gallstones (made from cholesterol or calcium)
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| colitis | inflammation of the colon
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| colles fracture | fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement
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| cyanosis | bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane due to deficient oxygenation of the blood
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| cyst/o | bladder, urinary bladder
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| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| cysto | sack or bladder
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| blouts | bow legs
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| chyme | substance that has been broken down by the stomach and is sent to the duodenum
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| cystography | radiography of the bladder following injection of a radiopaque substance
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| cystoscopy | is a diagnostic procedure that is used to look at the bladder
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| cystourethrography | radiography of the urinary bladder and urethra
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| deglutition | the act of swallowing
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| diverticulum | pouch created by herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat
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| dyspnea | shortness of breath
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| enteritis | intestinal inflammation
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| esophageal varices | enlarged tortuous veins of lower esophagus, resulting from portal hypertension
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| Fistula | abnormal connection between 2 internal organs or between an organ and the body surface (abnormal pathway)
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| gastritis | inflammation of lining of the stomach
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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| Hematuria (gross vs. microscopic) | the presence of blood in the urine
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| hiatal hernia | protrusion of the stomach contents into the esophagus (through the esophagus hiatus)
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| hydronephrosis | distension of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine (excessive fluid in the kidney)
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| hydronephrosis | swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any part of the urinary tract
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| ileus | obstruction of the intestines
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| incontinence | involuntary urination
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| intussusception | prolapse of a portion of the bowel into the lumen of an adjacent part (telescoping into itself)
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| laryngeal edema | usually resulting from an allergic reaction and causing airway obstruction unless treated
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| Litho | stone
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| Jones fraction | occurs at the 5th metatarsal
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| gout | arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints
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| Mastication | the act of chewing
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| Metastases | spread of cancer from one site to another
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| Micturition | act of voiding (250 cc)
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| Modified Lithotomy position | used in a retrograde urography
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| Neoplasm | new growth
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| Nephr/o | kidney
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| Nephron | the structural and functional unit of the kidney, numbering about a million in the renal parenchyma, each being capable of forming urine
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| Nephroptosis | prolapse of the kidney (downward displacement or dropping)
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| Nephrotomography | radiologic visualization of the kidney
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| Neurogenic bladder | dysfunction that results from interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination (bladder that has lost neurons on inner lining--can't urinate)
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| Nocturia | excessive urination at night
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| Osteopetrosis | increased density of bone
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| Osteoporosis | loss of bone density (decrease technique)
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| Parenchyma | functional unit
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| Polycystic kidney | massive enlargement of the kidney with the formation of many cysts (sacs)
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| Polyp | growth or mass protruding from a mucous memebrane
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| Pyel/o | pelvis, renal pelvis
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| Pyelography | radiologic study of the kidney, ureters, and usually the bladder
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| Pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
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| Pyloric stenosis | narrowing of pyloric canal causing obstruction
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| Ren/o | kidney
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| Renal calculi | kidney stone
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| Renal hypertension | increase blood pressure to the kidneys
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| Osgood Schlatter | pulling away of tibial tuberosity
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| Renal obstruction | condition preventing normal flow of urine through the urinary system
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| Retrograde | against the flow
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| Sinus tract | a narrow, elongated channel in the body that allows the escape of fluid
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| Staghorn Calculi | branched stones that fill all or part of the pelvis and branch into several or all calyces
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| Stenosis | narrowing or contraction of a passage
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| Stoma | opening in the body
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| Ur/o | urine, urinary sysem
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| Uremia | An excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
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| Ureter/o | ureter
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| Ureterocystoscope | A cystoscope combined with an ureteral catheter
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| Urethr/o | urethra
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| Urography | radiography of any part of the urinary tract
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| Urticaria | hives
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| Vesicoureteral reflux | backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters
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| Volvulus | twisting of a bowel loop on itself
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| Zenker's diverticulum | diverticulum located just above the cardiac portion of the stomach
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| Kyphosis | abnormal increase in the thoracic curve
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| Lordosis | abnormal increase in lumbar or cervical
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| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature--may develop a compensatory curve to compensate
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| Clay shovelers fracture | avulsion fracture of the spinous process in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region (C7)
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| Spina Bifida | failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close
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| Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) | slipped disk
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| Spondylolistesis | forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1
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| Sublaxation | incomplete or partial dislocation
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| Pneumoperitoneum | free air in the peritoneal cavity
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| Pneumothorax | air in pleural cavity
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| Atelectasis | collapsed lung
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| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a chronic condition of persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow
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| Cystic fibrosis | disorder associated with widespread dyfunction of the exocrine glands, abnormal secretion of sweat & saliva, accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs
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| Emphysema | over inflation of alveolar "barrel chest"
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| Pleural Effusion | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
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| Pneumonia | acute infection in the lung parenchyma
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| Situs inversus | all internal organs on opposite side
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| dexrocardia | heart is on the opposite side
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| Hemothorax | blood or fluid in pleural cavity
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| C1 | Mastoid tip
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| C2, C3 | Gonion (angle of mandible)
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| C3, C4 | Hyoid bone
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| C5 | Thyroid cartilage
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| C7, T1 | Vertebra prominens
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| T1 | Approx. 2 inches above level of jugular notch
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| T2, T3 | level of jugular notch
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| T4, T5 | level of sternal angle
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| T7 | level of inferior angles of scapulae
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| T9, T10 | level xiphoid process
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| L2, L3 | inferior costal margin
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| L4, L5 | level of superiormost aspect of iliac crest
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| S1, S2 | level of ASIS (anterior superior iliac crest)
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| Coccyx | level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters
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