Ch 10
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| Define Agriculture | Deliberate modification of earths surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain substance/economic gain.
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| Define Crop | Any plant cultivated by people
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| What was used before AG? | hunting and gathering
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| How many people still hunt and gather today? | 1/4 million
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| Name 3 people and places that still hunt and fish | 1. Spinifex- Australia's great Victorian desert
2. Sentinelese- India's Andaman islands
3. Bushmen- Botswana and Namibia
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| Name the 5 crop hearths and name a crop from each | 1. Latin America- squash
2. Sub-Saharan Africa- yam
3. Southwest Asia- Barley
4. East Asia- Rice
5. Southeast Asia- Mango
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| where is the main animal hearth? | Southwest Asia/ Middle east
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| what are 4 things some animals provide humans? | 1. Milk
2. Meat
3. Skin
4. Integrate cultivation of crops
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| why do people in Mexico eat more maize and people in china eat more rice? | Culture preference, level of development, and/or physical conditions.
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| Latin American gets their largest share of dietary energy from what? | Sugar
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| What is the most important nutrient for growth and maintenance of the human body? | Protein
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| Developed countries eat more what to get more protein? | Meat and Poultry
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| What is the minimum daily calories needed? | 1,800
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| What is the US average daily calorie intake? | 3,800
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| What is the worlds average daily calorie intake? | 2,780
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| What is Sub-Saharan Africa average daily calorie intake? | 2,290
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| What country has the most under-nourished? | India
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| What has happened to African food production/capita? | Increased
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| What are the 2 basic types of AG? | Subsistence Ag and Commercial Ag
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| What type of AG does the US use? | Commercial
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| Which 2 sub-types of AG does MN use? | 1. mixed crop and live stock
2. Dairy
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| What is the average acres of a US farm? | 418
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| The largest ___% of the US farms produce ___% of total US AG | 1. 5%
2. 75%
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| In developed countries __% of people farm but in North America it's ___% | 1. 5%
2. 2%
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| We produce ______ food. From 1900 to 2000 farms dropped in # ____% and farmer by ___%. Why? | 1. Surplus
2. 60%
3. 85%
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| Which type of AG uses machinery? | commercial
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| Shifting cultivation has what 2 other names? | 1. slash and burn Ag
2. Swidden
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| Name 2 groups of people that practice pastoral nomadism | Bedouins and Maasai
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| Where is intensive subsistence AG practiced? | East Asia and South Asia
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| Define wet rice | Practicing og planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth
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| Often land is _____ from a hillside | Terraud
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| Define plantation | Commercial Ag. in developing regions that specializes in 1 or 2 crops.
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| Plantations are often owned by who? | Europeans and North Americans
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| Crops grown in Europe and the Americas are primary for what? | Sale
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| What are the 6 types of commercial AG? | Dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, commercial gardening and fruit farming, and Mediterranean Ag.
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| Define milkshed | The Ring around a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling.
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| Define crop rotation | Dividing the farm into numbers of fields and each field is planted on a planned cycle.
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| In Mixed crop and livestock, what are the 2 main crops? | Corn and soybeans
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| What crop is mainly grown in gain farming? | wheat
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| Who mainly consumes wheat? | humans
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| Who is the #1 pork producer? | China
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| Who is the #1 chicken producer? | US
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| Who is the #1 beef producer? | US
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| Commercial gardening and fruit farming is also called what? | Truck farming
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| What are 4 crops grown in commercial gardening and fruit farming? | Apples, cherries, lettuce, and tomatoes
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| What are 4 places mediterranean AG is found? | California, Chile, SW South Africa, and SW Australia
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| Cultivation of seafood is called what? | Aquaculture or Aquafarming
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| ____ of ocean fish caught is used for what? | 1. 1/3
2. fish meals and to fed poultry and hogs
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| What country produces the most fish? | China
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| What are the 4 strategies to increase food supply? | 1. Expand AG land
2. Increase Ag production
3. Improve food sources
4. Expand exports
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| Dr. ____ won what for miracle __ seed that started the ___ Revolution? | 1. Norman Borlaug
2. rice
3. green
4. Nobel peace prize
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| ___% of US labor force are farmers but ___% work in agribusiness. | 1. 2%
2. 20%
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| What are 3 ways the government tries to excess productive capacity? | 1. farmers and encouraged to avoid producing crops that are in excess supply.
2. Government pays farmers when certain commodity prices are low.
3. Government buys surplus production and sells/donates it to foreign governments.
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| What situations influence industrial location? | Transportation- little as possible
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| Prior to the Ind. Rev. industry was geographically ___ in ___- based | 1. dispersed
2. home based
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| Home-based Industries that are called what? | cottage industry
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| What industry was the first to industrialize? | textile
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| What invention was the most important to development of factories? | steam engine
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| WHat industry benefited first from steam engines? | iron
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| New energy source = what? | Coal
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| new type of transportation = what? | railroads
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| 3/4 of the world's manufacturing is in what 3 regions? | 1. Europe
2. East Asia
3. North America
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| What 2 countries are the next leaders of manufacturing outside of the top 3 regions? | Brazil and India
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| When do you locate a factory near its imputs? | if cost of transporting the product to the consumers excessed the cost of transporting imputs
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| When do you locate a factory near its customers? | 1. Bulk- gaining industry
2. Single-Market
3. Perishable- Product
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| What are the 2 main imputs in the steel production? | Iron ore and coal
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| Where did the US steel mills fist concentrate? | Pittsburgh
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| Why did US steel mills shift to around lake Eire in the late 1800s? | Discovery of the masabi range
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| Why did the US steel mills shift to around lake Michigan in the late 1900s? | more coal was found
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| Why did the US steel mills shift to the East and West coast? | The US started to use scrape iron and imported it from other countries
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| What country produced the most steel in 1980? | US
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| What country produces the most steel today? | China
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| Why are most vehicles sold in the country they are made in? | It's a bulk-gaining industry
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| 10 carmakers control ___% of the worlds final assembly plants | 50
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| Where is "Auto alley"? | between Michigan and Alabama
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| Who are the Detroit 3? | Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors
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| Where is the Prius made? | Japan
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| Besides pipelines, what are the 4 ways products are transported? | 1. Ship
2. Rail
3. Truck
4. Air
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| The ____ something is transported, the ____ the cost per mile | 1. Farther
2. lower
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| What is the most expensive mode of transport? | Airplanes
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| What mode of transport is for short distances? | Trucks
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| Define Break-of-Bulk point | A location where transfer among transportation mode is possible
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| On average, how far does your food travel? | 1,500 miles
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| Farmers who do commerical AG are in it for what? | Money, to buy other things
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| Farmers who do Subsistence AG are in it for what? | To feed their family or to get by.
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| In countries that don't have the farming machinery, their farms are what? | Smaller. Machinery= larger farm size.
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| half of the US farmers are hobby farms, how much money do they make a year? | $10,000 or less
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| Where is shifting cultivation Ag used? | Tropical climates
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| Where is Pastoral Nomadism used? | Aired climates
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| Pastoral Nomadism = what? | moving to where ever theres food
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| Intensive subsistence Ag does what? | Double or triple crop
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| China uses way more fertalizer on their land compared to what country? | The US
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| Plantation Ag is generally practiced where ______ Ag is at | Subsistence Ag
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| Where is a lot of dairy in the US? | Northern US
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| Most corn is feed to ___ and used for ____ | 1. Animals
2. Ethenol
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| California is the #1 state for ___ and ____ | 1. dairy production
2. Ag.
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| What are the 2 types of wheat? | 1. winter wheat (used in the south)
2. Spring wheat (used in the north)
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| Define Just-In-Time | Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
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| Manufactures are trying to eliminate what? | Wasteful inventory
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| What are 3 disruptions that can result to this delivery method? | 1. Labor unrest
2. Traffic
3. Natural Hazards
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| What are 3 main site factors of an industry? | 1. labor
2. land
3. capital
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| Labor cost on average __% of the overall cost of a product | 11%
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| The average US male worker makes how much yearly? | $30,000 and above
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| US male workers get what kind of benefits from their jobs? | health care, retirement pensions, and other benefits
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| The average worker in a less developed country earns what yearly? | less than $5,000
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| Textile and apparel production is an example of _____ - intensive industry | labor
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| What is the #1 natural fiber used? | Cotton
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| What country produces most of the worlds woven cotton fabric? | China
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| 2/3 of what are sown in developed countries? | Women's blouse's
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| What region of the US lost manufacturing jobs and what regions gained them between 1950-2009? | Lost-North and East
Gained-South and West
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| define right-to-work | required a factory to maintain a so called open shot and prohibits a closed shop
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| define closed shop | company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory
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| define open shop | union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment
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| what trade agreement helped US manufacturing move to Mexico? | North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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| What does BRIC stand for? | Brazil, Russia, India, and China
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| When is china's GDP expected to surpass the USA? | 2027
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| What is Americas top 4 most eaten meats? | 1. Chicken
2. Beef
3. Pork
4. Turkey
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| Truck farming = what kind of farming | Urban farming
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| T/F: The US has more aired-able land than any other | True
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| T/F: There are still cottages industries today | True
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| Most industries are concentrated, which means what? | It makes them a military target
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| At the beginning of the industrial revolution, what direction did it spread? | West to East
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| Masabi= what | Big man
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| In the US, immigrants are doing ___ in factories | most of the work
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| What are the top 4 countries that makes the most stuff? | 1. China
2. US
3. Japan
4. Germany
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| Trump is trying to renegotiate what? | NAFTA
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