Cosmetology - Nail Care - Manicuring Terminology
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| Phalanges | Also known as Digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes
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| Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly
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| Manicure | Cosmetic service for the care of the hands, which includes skin & nail care, cosmetic treatments & procedures, polishing techniques & artificial nail applications
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| Base Coat | Provides a colorless, uniform, adherent surface that protects the natural nail from stains that are sometimes caused by polish
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| Cuticle | The small portion of non-living epidermis extending around the base of the nail
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| Wooden Pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate & clean under the free edge; made from orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods; disposable alternatives for pushing back cuticles
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| Curing | Also known as Polymerization, is the chemical reaction that causes hardening
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| Sodium Hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach
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| Healthy Nails | Translucent, slightly pink, smooth, curved, is without ridges or wavy lines, & is free from disease
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| Activator | A catalyst to help quicken the drying time of the nail wrap resin
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| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix
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| Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate
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| Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement
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| Fabric Wraps | Very thin & tightly woven materials, such as linen, silk, or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips
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| Inhibition Layer | The tacky, film-like layer that forms on the top of the nail enhancement
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| Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from the nail bed
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| Stress Area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most valuable area, accepting everyday wear and tear
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| Ridge Overlay | Also called, Ridge Filler, is applied under nail color, filling and sealing any ridges and hollows of the nail, resulting in a smooth nail surface,
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| Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge & fingertip of the natural nail
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| Metal Pusher | Used to gently scrape the cuticle from the natural nail; they are made of stainless steel & can be disinfected & reused
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| Remove Polish | There are 2 types of solutions - Acetone & Non-acetone. Acetone solution is used to dissolve nail polish & remove nail enhancements from nail. Non-acetone solutions are used to remove nail polish from artificial nail enhancements without dissolving the nail enhancement
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| Onychomycosis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails
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| Position Stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail
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| Effleurage | Massage manipulation that produces light, gliding, stroking, or circular movements
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| Primer | Liquid solution, containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement
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| Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity
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| Quaternary Ammonium Compound | Also known as Quats, is a standard name for disinfectants
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| Paraffin Wax | A Petroleum byproduct that helps to seal & hold moisture in the skin
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| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate
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| Ethyl Methacrylate | Type of monomer that is a base material used in resins, solvents, coatings & adhesives
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| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown Nail
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| Top Coat | A colorless sealant applied over polish to add a shiny protective layer which will prevent chipping, peeling & fading
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| Leukonychia | Also known as White Spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury
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| Tip Cutters | Specially designed to cut the nail tip with little stress to the ABS plastic nail
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| Tinea Pedis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails
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| 100 to 180 Abrasive | Low Grit, quickly reduces the thickness and/or surface of a nail enhancement
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| Monomer | Liquid that mixes with acrylic powder & binds the acrylic polymers to form a nail enhancement
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| Gel Polish | Nail polish that has an added component that is soft & sticky & needs to be exposed to Ultraviolet light from a UV lamp to make it set & harden or cure
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| Athlete's Foot | Also known as Tinea Pedis, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails
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| Square nails | Provide great support & strength between the width of the nail comprises the entire free edge
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| Nail Dehydrator | A Liquid Solution applied first to the natural nail to help eliminate moisture, which will ensure proper adhesion of a nail enhancement
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| Nail Rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth & file the free edge
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| Nail Wrap Resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip
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| How often do we sanitize manicuring implements? | Immediately after each guest
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| Onyx | Technical Term For Nails
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| Nail Plate | Translucent Portion of the Nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge; sometimes referred to as the nail body
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| Free Edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip
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| Nail Bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plate rests upon as it grows out
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| Bed Epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed & the nail plate
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| Lunula | Whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
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| Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate
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| Nail Folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
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| Nail Sidewall | Also known as the Lateral Nail Fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail
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| Nail Grooves | Slits or Grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth
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| Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula
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| Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate
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| Agnail | Also known as Hangnail, is the split cuticle around the nail
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| Bruised Nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma
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| Eggshell Nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal
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| Melanonychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin; may be in a band or stripe
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| Nail Psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail; nail will appear pitted and/or have roughness on the surface
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| Nail Pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate
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| Onychophagy | Bitten nails
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| Ridge | Also known as Furrow or Corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate
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| Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling & exhaling
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| Phenol | Strong high pH disinfectant
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| Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) | Disinfectant based on a stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non-toxic to the skin & environment; this type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days
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| Humerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow
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| Ulna | Inner & larger bone on the outside of the forearm; located on the pinky side
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| Radius | Outer & smaller bone on the inside of the forearm; located on the thumb side
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| Carpals | Eight bones that form the wrist
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| Metacarpals | Five long, thin bones between the wrist & fingers, forming the palm of the hand
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| Pronator Muscles | Turns the forearm & hand inward so the palm faces downward
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| Supinator Muscle | Turns the forearm & hand outward so the palm faces upward
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| Flexor Muscle | Bends a joint
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| Extensor Muscles | Aids in the straightening of a joint
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| Abductor Muscles | Spread the fingers or toes
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| Adductor Muscles | Pull the fingers or toes together
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| Opponens Muscles | Group of Adductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers
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| Microtrauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for the entry of pathogens
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| Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feet, & head that are linked to other parts of the body
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| Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, also known as the thigh bone
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| Patella | Technical term for the kneecap
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| Tibia | Also known as the Shin Bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that form the lower leg
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| Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle
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| Tarsal | Seven bones that form the ankle
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| Metatarsal | Five long, slender bones located between the ankles & the toes
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| Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down; attached to the lower portion of the heel
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| Tibialis Anterior | Muscle that covers the shin & bends the foot
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| Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel & bends the foot
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| Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out
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| Peroneus Brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out
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| Tibialis Posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe
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| Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails & feet
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| Digital Nerve | Nerves located in the fingers & toes
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| Median Nerve | Smallest of the three arm & hand nerves; runs along the mid forearm & extends into the hands
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| Radial Nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand
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| Ulnar Nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm & the back of the hand
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| Radial Artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand
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| Ulnar Artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm & the palm of the hand
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| Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created
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| Polymerization | The chemical reaction, also known as Curing or Hardening, that creates polymers
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| Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive
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| Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | A high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips
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| Overlay | Any fabric wrap, UV cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and/or strengthen the natural nail
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| Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of just a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a 'gel-like' substance
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| Urethane Acrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements
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| Urethane Methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements
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| Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails
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