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Manicure Terminology
Cosmetology - Nail Care - Manicuring Terminology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Phalanges | Also known as Digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes |
Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly |
Manicure | Cosmetic service for the care of the hands, which includes skin & nail care, cosmetic treatments & procedures, polishing techniques & artificial nail applications |
Base Coat | Provides a colorless, uniform, adherent surface that protects the natural nail from stains that are sometimes caused by polish |
Cuticle | The small portion of non-living epidermis extending around the base of the nail |
Wooden Pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate & clean under the free edge; made from orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods; disposable alternatives for pushing back cuticles |
Curing | Also known as Polymerization, is the chemical reaction that causes hardening |
Sodium Hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach |
Healthy Nails | Translucent, slightly pink, smooth, curved, is without ridges or wavy lines, & is free from disease |
Activator | A catalyst to help quicken the drying time of the nail wrap resin |
Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix |
Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate |
Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement |
Fabric Wraps | Very thin & tightly woven materials, such as linen, silk, or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips |
Inhibition Layer | The tacky, film-like layer that forms on the top of the nail enhancement |
Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from the nail bed |
Stress Area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most valuable area, accepting everyday wear and tear |
Ridge Overlay | Also called, Ridge Filler, is applied under nail color, filling and sealing any ridges and hollows of the nail, resulting in a smooth nail surface, |
Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge & fingertip of the natural nail |
Metal Pusher | Used to gently scrape the cuticle from the natural nail; they are made of stainless steel & can be disinfected & reused |
Remove Polish | There are 2 types of solutions - Acetone & Non-acetone. Acetone solution is used to dissolve nail polish & remove nail enhancements from nail. Non-acetone solutions are used to remove nail polish from artificial nail enhancements without dissolving the nail enhancement |
Onychomycosis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
Position Stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail |
Effleurage | Massage manipulation that produces light, gliding, stroking, or circular movements |
Primer | Liquid solution, containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement |
Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity |
Quaternary Ammonium Compound | Also known as Quats, is a standard name for disinfectants |
Paraffin Wax | A Petroleum byproduct that helps to seal & hold moisture in the skin |
Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate |
Ethyl Methacrylate | Type of monomer that is a base material used in resins, solvents, coatings & adhesives |
Onychocryptosis | Ingrown Nail |
Top Coat | A colorless sealant applied over polish to add a shiny protective layer which will prevent chipping, peeling & fading |
Leukonychia | Also known as White Spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury |
Tip Cutters | Specially designed to cut the nail tip with little stress to the ABS plastic nail |
Tinea Pedis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
100 to 180 Abrasive | Low Grit, quickly reduces the thickness and/or surface of a nail enhancement |
Monomer | Liquid that mixes with acrylic powder & binds the acrylic polymers to form a nail enhancement |
Gel Polish | Nail polish that has an added component that is soft & sticky & needs to be exposed to Ultraviolet light from a UV lamp to make it set & harden or cure |
Athlete's Foot | Also known as Tinea Pedis, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
Square nails | Provide great support & strength between the width of the nail comprises the entire free edge |
Nail Dehydrator | A Liquid Solution applied first to the natural nail to help eliminate moisture, which will ensure proper adhesion of a nail enhancement |
Nail Rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth & file the free edge |
Nail Wrap Resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip |
How often do we sanitize manicuring implements? | Immediately after each guest |
Onyx | Technical Term For Nails |
Nail Plate | Translucent Portion of the Nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge; sometimes referred to as the nail body |
Free Edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip |
Nail Bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plate rests upon as it grows out |
Bed Epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed & the nail plate |
Lunula | Whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail |
Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate |
Nail Folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate |
Nail Sidewall | Also known as the Lateral Nail Fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail |
Nail Grooves | Slits or Grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth |
Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula |
Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate |
Agnail | Also known as Hangnail, is the split cuticle around the nail |
Bruised Nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma |
Eggshell Nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal |
Melanonychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin; may be in a band or stripe |
Nail Psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail; nail will appear pitted and/or have roughness on the surface |
Nail Pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate |
Onychophagy | Bitten nails |
Ridge | Also known as Furrow or Corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate |
Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling & exhaling |
Phenol | Strong high pH disinfectant |
Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) | Disinfectant based on a stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non-toxic to the skin & environment; this type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days |
Humerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
Ulna | Inner & larger bone on the outside of the forearm; located on the pinky side |
Radius | Outer & smaller bone on the inside of the forearm; located on the thumb side |
Carpals | Eight bones that form the wrist |
Metacarpals | Five long, thin bones between the wrist & fingers, forming the palm of the hand |
Pronator Muscles | Turns the forearm & hand inward so the palm faces downward |
Supinator Muscle | Turns the forearm & hand outward so the palm faces upward |
Flexor Muscle | Bends a joint |
Extensor Muscles | Aids in the straightening of a joint |
Abductor Muscles | Spread the fingers or toes |
Adductor Muscles | Pull the fingers or toes together |
Opponens Muscles | Group of Adductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers |
Microtrauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for the entry of pathogens |
Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feet, & head that are linked to other parts of the body |
Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, also known as the thigh bone |
Patella | Technical term for the kneecap |
Tibia | Also known as the Shin Bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that form the lower leg |
Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle |
Tarsal | Seven bones that form the ankle |
Metatarsal | Five long, slender bones located between the ankles & the toes |
Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down; attached to the lower portion of the heel |
Tibialis Anterior | Muscle that covers the shin & bends the foot |
Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel & bends the foot |
Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out |
Peroneus Brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out |
Tibialis Posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward |
Flexor Digiti Minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe |
Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails & feet |
Digital Nerve | Nerves located in the fingers & toes |
Median Nerve | Smallest of the three arm & hand nerves; runs along the mid forearm & extends into the hands |
Radial Nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand |
Ulnar Nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm & the back of the hand |
Radial Artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand |
Ulnar Artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm & the palm of the hand |
Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created |
Polymerization | The chemical reaction, also known as Curing or Hardening, that creates polymers |
Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive |
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | A high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips |
Overlay | Any fabric wrap, UV cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and/or strengthen the natural nail |
Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of just a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a 'gel-like' substance |
Urethane Acrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements |
Urethane Methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements |
Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails |