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Manicure Terminology
Cosmetology - Nail Care - Manicuring Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phalanges | Also known as Digits, are the bones of the fingers or toes |
| Alcohol | Extremely flammable, colorless liquid that evaporates quickly |
| Manicure | Cosmetic service for the care of the hands, which includes skin & nail care, cosmetic treatments & procedures, polishing techniques & artificial nail applications |
| Base Coat | Provides a colorless, uniform, adherent surface that protects the natural nail from stains that are sometimes caused by polish |
| Cuticle | The small portion of non-living epidermis extending around the base of the nail |
| Wooden Pusher | Used to gently remove cuticle tissue away from the nail plate & clean under the free edge; made from orangewood, rosewood, or other hardwoods; disposable alternatives for pushing back cuticles |
| Curing | Also known as Polymerization, is the chemical reaction that causes hardening |
| Sodium Hypochlorite | Commonly known as bleach |
| Healthy Nails | Translucent, slightly pink, smooth, curved, is without ridges or wavy lines, & is free from disease |
| Activator | A catalyst to help quicken the drying time of the nail wrap resin |
| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix |
| Onychorrhexis | Abnormal brittleness of the nail plate |
| Polymer | A concentrate or powder made up of acrylic powder that when mixed with a monomer forms a nail enhancement |
| Fabric Wraps | Very thin & tightly woven materials, such as linen, silk, or fiberglass that are used to strengthen the natural nail or are applied over nail tips |
| Inhibition Layer | The tacky, film-like layer that forms on the top of the nail enhancement |
| Onycholysis | Loosening or separation, without shedding, of the nail plate from the nail bed |
| Stress Area | Edge of the nail tip below the contact area that is the most valuable area, accepting everyday wear and tear |
| Ridge Overlay | Also called, Ridge Filler, is applied under nail color, filling and sealing any ridges and hollows of the nail, resulting in a smooth nail surface, |
| Hyponychium | Skin between the free edge & fingertip of the natural nail |
| Metal Pusher | Used to gently scrape the cuticle from the natural nail; they are made of stainless steel & can be disinfected & reused |
| Remove Polish | There are 2 types of solutions - Acetone & Non-acetone. Acetone solution is used to dissolve nail polish & remove nail enhancements from nail. Non-acetone solutions are used to remove nail polish from artificial nail enhancements without dissolving the nail enhancement |
| Onychomycosis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
| Position Stop | Edge of the well that bumps up against the free edge of the natural nail |
| Effleurage | Massage manipulation that produces light, gliding, stroking, or circular movements |
| Primer | Liquid solution, containing methacrylic acid that is applied sparingly to the natural nail plate prior to acrylic product application to assist in adhesion of the enhancement |
| Onychosis | General term for any nail disease or deformity |
| Quaternary Ammonium Compound | Also known as Quats, is a standard name for disinfectants |
| Paraffin Wax | A Petroleum byproduct that helps to seal & hold moisture in the skin |
| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate |
| Ethyl Methacrylate | Type of monomer that is a base material used in resins, solvents, coatings & adhesives |
| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown Nail |
| Top Coat | A colorless sealant applied over polish to add a shiny protective layer which will prevent chipping, peeling & fading |
| Leukonychia | Also known as White Spots, whitish discoloration of the nails caused by injury |
| Tip Cutters | Specially designed to cut the nail tip with little stress to the ABS plastic nail |
| Tinea Pedis | Also known as Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
| 100 to 180 Abrasive | Low Grit, quickly reduces the thickness and/or surface of a nail enhancement |
| Monomer | Liquid that mixes with acrylic powder & binds the acrylic polymers to form a nail enhancement |
| Gel Polish | Nail polish that has an added component that is soft & sticky & needs to be exposed to Ultraviolet light from a UV lamp to make it set & harden or cure |
| Athlete's Foot | Also known as Tinea Pedis, is a fungal infection that can occur on the bottom of the feet, as well as, between the toes, which can spread to the toenails |
| Square nails | Provide great support & strength between the width of the nail comprises the entire free edge |
| Nail Dehydrator | A Liquid Solution applied first to the natural nail to help eliminate moisture, which will ensure proper adhesion of a nail enhancement |
| Nail Rasp | Metal tool that has a grooved edge, this tool is typically used for pedicures to smooth & file the free edge |
| Nail Wrap Resin | Used to adhere the fabric wrap to the natural nail or nail tip |
| How often do we sanitize manicuring implements? | Immediately after each guest |
| Onyx | Technical Term For Nails |
| Nail Plate | Translucent Portion of the Nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge; sometimes referred to as the nail body |
| Free Edge | Part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip |
| Nail Bed | Portion of the skin that the nail plate rests upon as it grows out |
| Bed Epithelium | Thin layer of skin cells between the nail bed & the nail plate |
| Lunula | Whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail |
| Matrix | Part of the nail bed that extends below the nail root and helps to produce the nail plate |
| Nail Folds | Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate |
| Nail Sidewall | Also known as the Lateral Nail Fold, is the piece of skin that overlaps onto the side of the nail |
| Nail Grooves | Slits or Grooves on the sides of the nail that allow growth |
| Eponychium | Living skin at the base of the nail plate that partially overlaps the lunula |
| Perionychium | Additional or excessive skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail plate |
| Agnail | Also known as Hangnail, is the split cuticle around the nail |
| Bruised Nail | Dark purplish discoloration under the nail caused by trauma |
| Eggshell Nail | Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal |
| Melanonychia | Darkening of the nails caused by excess melanin; may be in a band or stripe |
| Nail Psoriasis | Noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail; nail will appear pitted and/or have roughness on the surface |
| Nail Pterygium | Forward growth of living skin that adheres to the surface of the nail plate |
| Onychophagy | Bitten nails |
| Ridge | Also known as Furrow or Corrugation, is a vertical or horizontal indentation running the length or width of the nail plate |
| Lungs | Spongy, respiratory organs responsible for inhaling & exhaling |
| Phenol | Strong high pH disinfectant |
| Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) | Disinfectant based on a stabilized hydrogen peroxide that is non-toxic to the skin & environment; this type of disinfectant only needs to be changed every 14 days |
| Humerus | Largest bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow |
| Ulna | Inner & larger bone on the outside of the forearm; located on the pinky side |
| Radius | Outer & smaller bone on the inside of the forearm; located on the thumb side |
| Carpals | Eight bones that form the wrist |
| Metacarpals | Five long, thin bones between the wrist & fingers, forming the palm of the hand |
| Pronator Muscles | Turns the forearm & hand inward so the palm faces downward |
| Supinator Muscle | Turns the forearm & hand outward so the palm faces upward |
| Flexor Muscle | Bends a joint |
| Extensor Muscles | Aids in the straightening of a joint |
| Abductor Muscles | Spread the fingers or toes |
| Adductor Muscles | Pull the fingers or toes together |
| Opponens Muscles | Group of Adductor muscles located in the palm that pulls the thumb toward the fingers |
| Microtrauma | Causing small unseen openings in the skin that allow for the entry of pathogens |
| Reflexology | Based on the use of reflex points located throughout the hands, feet, & head that are linked to other parts of the body |
| Femur | Long bone extending from the hip to the knee, also known as the thigh bone |
| Patella | Technical term for the kneecap |
| Tibia | Also known as the Shin Bone, is the largest of the two bones below the knee that form the lower leg |
| Fibula | Bone forming the outer part of the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle |
| Tarsal | Seven bones that form the ankle |
| Metatarsal | Five long, slender bones located between the ankles & the toes |
| Gastrocnemius | Muscle located in the calf that pulls the foot down; attached to the lower portion of the heel |
| Tibialis Anterior | Muscle that covers the shin & bends the foot |
| Soleus | Muscle that is attached to the lower heel & bends the foot |
| Peroneus Longus | Longer of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out |
| Peroneus Brevis | Shorter of the two muscles responsible for rotating the foot down & out |
| Tibialis Posterior | Muscle that helps the foot flex inward |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi | Muscle that controls the little toe |
| Pedicure | Cosmetic care of the toenails & feet |
| Digital Nerve | Nerves located in the fingers & toes |
| Median Nerve | Smallest of the three arm & hand nerves; runs along the mid forearm & extends into the hands |
| Radial Nerve | Nerve that runs along the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand |
| Ulnar Nerve | Nerve that runs along the little finger side of the arm & the back of the hand |
| Radial Artery | Supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm & the back of the hand |
| Ulnar Artery | Supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm & the palm of the hand |
| Initiators | Substances that begin the process that starts the chain reaction, leading to very long polymer chains being created |
| Polymerization | The chemical reaction, also known as Curing or Hardening, that creates polymers |
| Cyanoacrylates | Specialized acrylic monomers that quickly polymerize with the addition of alcohol, water or any weak alkaline product to form an adhesive |
| Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | A high quality virgin plastic, used to manufacture nail tips |
| Overlay | Any fabric wrap, UV cured gel or acrylic/sculptured nail that is applied to enhance and/or strengthen the natural nail |
| Oligomers | Short polymer chains that consist of just a few monomers, creating a thickened resin or a 'gel-like' substance |
| Urethane Acrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements |
| Urethane Methacrylate | Main ingredient used to create UV gel nail enhancements |
| Photoinitiators | The chemical that begins the polymerization process in gel nails |
Created by:
goofeejules
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