Electrolytes & Acid-Base Balances
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLUID | water that contains dissolved or suspended substances such as glucose, mineral salts, & proteins
🗑
|
||||
| BODY FLUIDS ARE DISTRIBUTED IN 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS | Intracellular fluid (ICF) - inside cells 2/3 body water
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - outside cells 1/3 body water
🗑
|
||||
| INTRACELLULAR | inside cells
🗑
|
||||
| EXTRACELLULAR | out cells
🗑
|
||||
| INTRAVASCULAR | within blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| INTERSTITIAL | within tissues
🗑
|
||||
| TRANSCELLULAR | minor
🗑
|
||||
| ELECTROLYTES | mineral salts, separates into ions when dissolved in water; measured in milliequivalents (mEq)
🗑
|
||||
| IONS | charged particles
🗑
|
||||
| CATIONS | + positively charged ions
🗑
|
||||
| ANIONS | - negatively charged ions
🗑
|
||||
| NA | Sodium 135 - 145 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| K | Potassium 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| Ca | Calcium 8.4 - 10.5 mg/dL
🗑
|
||||
| Mg | Magnesium 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | energy-requiring movement of electrolytes or other substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient --> low concentration to high concentration --> requires ATP
🗑
|
||||
| DIFFUSION | passive movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
🗑
|
||||
| OSMOSIS | movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a compartment of low particle concentration to high particle conentration
🗑
|
||||
| OSMOTIC PRESSURE | inward-pulling force of a particle in any fluid compartment to more concentrated side
🗑
|
||||
| HYPERTONIC | pull fluid out of the cells by osmosis; causing them to shrink
3% sodium chloride
🗑
|
||||
| ISOTONIC SOLUTION | same osmolality as normal blood; no shift in or out of cells
0.9% sodium chloride
🗑
|
||||
| HYPOTONIC SOLUTION | less concentrated than normal blood; causing then to swell
5% in water/dextrose (simple sugar)
🗑
|
||||
| FILTRATION | net effect of several forces that tend to move fluid across a membrane
🗑
|
||||
| HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE | the force of a fluid pressing outward against the walls of its container
🗑
|
||||
| COLLOID OSMOSTIC PRESSURE | an inward pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules
🗑
|
||||
| OSMORECEPTORS | continued monitor plasma osmolality; when osmolality increases, the hypothalamus stimulates thirst
🗑
|
||||
| INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS | fluid loss in the lungs & skin
🗑
|
||||
| ADH | regulates osmolality of body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted in urine (prevents body to save water)
🗑
|
||||
| ALDOSTERONE | regulates ECV by influencing how much sodium & water are excreted in urine (water retention)
🗑
|
||||
| ANGIOTENSIN | polypeptide occurring in the blood, causing vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure & the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| RENIN | produces A1 which converts to AZ & causes vasocontriction
🗑
|
||||
| ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) | a hormone that opposes the action of aldosterone & promotes vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| CHLORIDE | 95 - 105 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| BICARBONATE | normal arterial 22 - 26 mEq/L
normal venous 24 - 30 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| PHOSPHATE | 2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL
🗑
|
||||
| BUFFERS | pairs of chemicals that work together to maintain normal pH of body fluids
🗑
|
||||
| THE BODY HAS 2 ACID EXCRETION MECHANISMS: | 1. lungs (excrete carbonic acid ) CO2
2. kidneys (excrete metabolic acid)
🗑
|
||||
| CONCENTRATION | osmolality
🗑
|
||||
| ECV EXCESS | to much isotonic fluid in the extracellular tissue
🗑
|
||||
| HYPOVOLEMIA | the decreased vascular volume in ECV deficit (eg: hemorrhage)
🗑
|
||||
| HYPERNATREMIA | abnormally high NA (salt) concentration in ECF caused by loss of relatively more water than salt or gain of relatively more salt than water
🗑
|
||||
| HYPOKALEMIA | abnormally high blood K (potassium) concentration
🗑
|
||||
| HYPERKALEMIA | abnormally high CA concentration in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| FLUID OUT REGULATION; FLUID IS LOST FROM: | kidneys
skin
lung
GI tract
🗑
|
||||
| HYPONATREMIA | abnormally low Na (salt) in the ECF, occurs from gaining relatively more water than salt or losing more salt than water
🗑
|
||||
| HYPERMAGNESEMIA | abnormally high Mg (magnesium)
🗑
|
||||
| HYPOMAGNESEMIA | abnormally low Mg (magnesium)
🗑
|
||||
| HYPOCHLOREMIA | abnormally low blood chloride level (eg: alkalosis)
🗑
|
||||
| HYPERCHLOREMIA | abnormally high blood chloride level (eg: acidosis)
🗑
|
||||
| ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS (ABG) | method of evaluating acid-base balance & oxygenation
🗑
|
||||
| pH | 7.35 - 7.45
🗑
|
||||
| PaCO2 | 35 - 45
🗑
|
||||
| PaO2 | 80 - 100
🗑
|
||||
| FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT | fluid/electrolyte disorder caused by failure of the body's homeostatic mechanism to regulate the retention & excretion of body fluids
🗑
|
||||
| FLUID VOLUME EXCESS | fluid/electrolyte disorder by an increase in fluid retention & edema, failure of body's retention & excretion of fluids
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Smccunn
Popular Nursing sets