Neuro final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Anterior cerebral artery | Supplies: superior border of frontal & parietal lobes
Deficits: contralateral weakness & sensory loss, mostly LE, incontinence, aphasia, apraxia
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| Middle cerebral artery | Supplies: surface of cerebral hemispheres and DEEP frontal & parietal
Deficits: contralateral sensory loss & weakness face & UE
Homonymous Hemianopia
Most common stroke
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| Vertebrobasilar | Supplies: brain stem & cerebellum
Deficits: cranial nerve involvement
Diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, deafness, ataxia, equilibrium, locked in syndrome
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| Posterior cerebral artery | Contralateral sensory loss, memory loss, Homonymous Hemianopia, cortical blindness
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| Spinothalmic tract | Pain & temperature
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| Cerebral deficits | Contralateral
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| Cerebellum imparments | Ipsilateral impairment,
Fine tuning movement,
RAM,
Posture & balance
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| Clonus | When put on stretch limb bounces, count #,
UMN sign
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| Decorticate | Flexed UE,
Extended LE
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| Decerebrate | Extended UE & LE
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| Hypertonia | UMN,
Increased tone,
Spasticity,
Pain increases spasticity
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| Hypotonia | LMN,
Floppy
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| Berg | Elderly & CVA,
<45 elev fall risk ,
<37 100% community fall risk,
<=29 AD recommended
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| Tinetti | Balance & Gait,
Max score 28,
<19 high fall risk
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| TUG | CVA & Parkinson's,
30 sec impaired functional mobility,
20-30 grey area may add AD
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| Vestibulospinal tract | Ipsilateral gross postural adjustments,
Facilitates extension,
Inhibits flexion,
If damaged- DECORTICATE
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| Rubrospinal | Originates in red nucleus,
Innervates UE,
Facilitates flexor,
Postural adjustments ,
If damaged: DECEREBRATE
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| Anterior corticospinal tract & Lateral corticospinal tract | Ipsilateral movement anterior,
Contralateral lateral,
Controlled skilled movements of extremities,
BABINSKI sign indicator of damage
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| Glasgow coma scale | 13-15 mild, 9-12 mod, <9 severe (coma)
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| Anterior cord syndrome | Ventral corticospinal (lose motor), spinothalmic (lose pain & temp), not good functional prognosis
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| Central cord syndrome | Most common of incompletely, more severe UE involvement b/c cervical tracts centrally located, spinothalmic, corticospinal & dorsal columns, some sensory- more motor
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| Cauda Equina syndrome | LMN injury, "SPINE" saddle anesthesia, pain LE, incontinence, numbness, emergency decompression
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| Charcots triad of MS | intention tremor, scanning speech, nystagmus
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| Multiple Sclerosis | progressive, UMN, demyelinating, sclerotic plaques of myelin junking up brain and spinal cord, women more than men, repeat progressive attacks, autoimmune
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| s/s multiple sclerosis | dysarthria (slurred speech), dysmetria, postural tremors, intention tremors, dysphagia (trouble swallowing)
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| Medication for spasticity | baclofen
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| factors to keep in mind while treating MS | heat sensitivity, fatigue, symptom management, fall risk,
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| ALS- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | UMN & LMN, men more than women, chronic and degenerative, does not affect cognition, fatal 3-5 years
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| s/s ALS | LMN part: weakness, heavy headed, asymmetric, atrophy, fatigue, random spontaneous twitching. UMN part: spasticity, hyperflexia, clonus, pathological reflexes
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| Stages of ALS | early- trouble ADL's middle- atrophy, WC for distances late- total dependence death from respiratory failure
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