cell cycle and mitosis
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| Cells grow until they reach their size limit. What are two options at this point | stop growing or divide
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| What are the 3 portions of the cell cycle | interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
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| What type of cells use a cell cycle to reproduce | eukaryotic cells
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| What part of the cell cycle takes the most time | interphase
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| What are 3 parts of interphase | G1, S, and G2
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| What happens during the S portion of interphase | The S stands for synthesis and DNA is replicated
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| What are important things associated with cell reproduction( list 4) | * it prevents cells from becoming too large
* it is a method of cell reproduction ( asexual)
* it allows multicellular organisms to grow
* it is for healing certain injuries
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| List 3 things that happen during interphase | cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates DNA
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| What is the proper term for the part of the cell cycle where the cell's nucleus and nuclear material divide | Mitosis
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| Near the end of mitosis... the cell's cytoplasm begins to divide creating new cells ( 2 instead of the original single cell) | Cytokinesis
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| What is the end result of the cell cycle in a eukaryotic organism..# of cells, description of cells | two cells form from the original cell and they are identical to the original as far as genetics
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| What are the two forms of DNA found in eukaryotic cells | chromatin and chromosomes
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| What is chromatin | the relaxed form of DNA when stained the individual strands look speckled or grainy ... this form is found in cells that are not dividing...during interphase or at the end of telophase as the cell has nearly completed its division process
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| What are chromosomes | the coiled form of DNA.. this is important to allow genetic information to be passed from one generation of cells to the next ( it is easier to move a tighter form of DNA rather than a spread out form)... chromosomes are seen during mitosis ( P,M,A,T)
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| What are the parts of a chromosome | the chromosome has two identical arms called sister chromatids ( remember when you see chromosomes in prophase they have already replicated)... the part hooking the sister chromatids together is called a centromere
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| match the phases of the cell cycle with the proper form of DNA that is present | interphase has chromatin (the DNA is replicating)... mitosis has chromosomes ( they become visible during prophase),.. the last stage of mitosis telophase marks a shift from chromosomes back to chromatin
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| What are three major events of prophase | the chromatin condenses or coils to become chromosomes ( chromosomes are now visible)... the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear to make room to separate the DNA into two cells... spindle forms between poles to help move chromosomes
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| What should you look for to identify prophase under the microscope | look for chromosomes to be visible ( chunky areas) and they should be randomly arranged
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| What is found in animal cells that help form the spindle apparatus or spindle fibers stretching from pole to pole of the cell | centrioles
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| Why is the spindle apparatus important during mitosis | they help move and organize the chromosomes ... they help move chromosomes to equator and then shorted to move them to separate poles
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| Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase | they end of lined up along the equator ...
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| What do you call the center of the cell and the opposite ends of the cell | the center of the cell is called the equator and the opposite ends are called poles just like the locations on the earth
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| what separates during anaphase | the sister chromatids separate and start to move to the poles (when the chromatids are separated they are often called chromosomes again when they separate... they are two identical chromosomes moving to each pole)
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| Where are the chromosomes moving during anaphase | they are moving toward the opposite poles
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| How do you know telophase is occuring during the mitosis process | the chromosomes have arrived at the poles of the cell... The chromosomes also start to relax or decondense into chromatin again
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| Telophase is the opposite of ? explain the events that occur during telophase | prophase, the chromosomes are at the poles and now they uncoil or relax into chromatin again,.. two new nuclear membrane form around the separated DNA... the spindle apparatus disassembles
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| Describe cytokinesis in animals | the animal cell starts to pinch in at the equator .. the area where it pinches in is called a furrow
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| Describe cytokinesis in plants | a structure called a cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei... cell walls then form on either side of the cell plate
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