Midterm Review
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| A representation of an object, process, or phenomenon is called a (n) | model
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| In a closed system, the only thing that can enter or leave is | energy
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| A beaker of water is healed over laboratory burner. This is an example of a (n) | open system
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| A test tube containing plant material and water is sealed and left in sunlight. This is an example of a (n) | closed system
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| One reason Earth is not entirely a closed system is because | the atmosphere loses hydrogen to space
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| The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth is called the | atmosphere
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| Most of Earth's fresh water is | locked up in glacial ice
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| You are considered to be part of Earth's | biosphere
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| The lava from volcano destroying a nearby forest is an example of | the geosphere interacting with the biosphere
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| A canyon that is formed when rocky ground is eroded by a river is an example of | the hydrosphere interacting with the geosphere
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| Pollution from the chimney of a factory is an example of | the biosphere interacting with the atmosphere
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| Most of Earth's liquid form of water is | in oceans
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| Phytoplankton play an important role in the carbon cycle because | they convert carbon dioxide to methane
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| A sequence of events that repeals itself is known as a | cycle
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| The carbon cycle is an example of a (n) | geochemical cycle
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| The process of water exiting a plant through its leaves is known as | transpiration
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| Which of the following statements about energy is true? | Energy in a system cannot be completely recycled
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| Which of the following is not a way that carbon can enter the atmosphere? | Photosynthesis
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| The major source of Earth's energy is | solar energy
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| What would happen to the climate if Earth took in more energy than it released? | The climate would get warmer
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| Logical explanations for events that happen nature are called | theories
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| Recorded observations or measurements are called | data
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| Proposed solutions to scientific problems are called | hypotheses
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| Which of the following is usually the first step in the scientific method? | stating the problem
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| Factors that are being tested in an experiment are called | variables
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| The study of planets and other objects in space is called | astronomy
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| The study of Earth's origin, history, and structure is called | geology
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| The study of weather and climate is called | meteorology
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| Which of the following is a unit of length? | meter
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| Which of the following is a unit of volume? | liter
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| The amount of matter in an object is called | mass
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| Which of the following is a unit of volume? | liter
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| All of the following are problems created by technology EXCEPT _______? | overpopulation
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| The amount of space occupied by an object is called ______? | volume
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| Density equals | mass/volume
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| Which of the following is dangerous in a laboratory? | leaving a lighted Bunsen burner unattended
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| If you are fooling around in the lab... | you will get a zero
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| You should _________ taste chemicals. | never
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| All waste should go in the trash. | false
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| All liquids go in the sink. | false
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| Which does NOT provide evidence that Earth is a sphere? | the core's composition of nickle and iron
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| As a ship sails a steady course, the Big Dipper gets higher in the sky, while the Southern Cross gets lower. In what direction must the ship be sailing? | north
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| In measuring the circumferences of Earth, Erasthenes needed to know all EXCEPT | the rotation rate of Earth
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| Which best describes Earth's exact shape? | slightly flattened at poles and slightly bulging at equator
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| Earth's shape is primarily the result of | rotation
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| What is the density of an object with a mass of 90.4 g and a volume of 3 cm3 | 11.3
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| If Earth's interior was the same composition as the crust, Earth would most likely | have a lower average density
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| Which best explains why the weight of an object is less at the equator than at the poles? | Earth's shape is not a perfect sphere
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| What is the density of a material that has a mass of 10g and volume of 2cm3? | 5
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| The distance between two locations on a sphere is 120 meters. If the two locations are also 30 degrees apart, what is the circumference of the sphere? | 1440m
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| A polyconic map projection | is used to make topographic maps
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| Latitude and longitude are shown correctly | on all map projections
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| How many degrees of latitude, the number of kilometers in one degree of longitude is | sometimes the same, usually less
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| The greatest number of degrees that a traveler can ever be from the prime meridian is | 180
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| The kind of map scale indicated by 1:1000000 is | numerical
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| Including sea level how many contour lines would be needed to show an island 125 feet high on a map with a contour interval of 20 feet? | 7
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| Depression contours are used to show | craters of volcanoes
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| A 40-foot contour line on a map with a contour interval of 10 feet has a single depression contour line inside it. What should the depression contour be labeled? | 30 feet
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| A spot elevation of 1237 feet is shown on a topographic map. If the contour interval of the map is 20 feet, what is the value of the first contour line below the spot elevation? | 1220 feet
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| One requirement for a substance to be a mineral is that the substance must | formed naturally
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| The nucleus of an atom does NOT contain | electrons
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| Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called | ions
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| An example of a native mineral is | copper
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| The major portion of the volume of the silicate mineral is | oxygen
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| Which of the mineral properties listed includes the descriptions conchoidal, fibrous, splintery, and irregular? | fracture
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| A mineral property that cannot be determined by inspection is | hardness
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| A mineral can be scratched by feldspar but scratches apatite what other mineral on Moh's scale would be expected to scratch this mineral? | quartz
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| A mineral sample has a weight of eight newtons in air and six newtons in water. What is the specific gravity of the sample? (Hint: divide) | 4
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| A mineral that glows under a ultraviolet light has the property of | flourecense
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| The cooling and hardening of magma deep underground results in rocks classified as | plutonic
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| An example of a plutonic rock is | granite
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| Which is likely to have formed farthest from the shoreline? | silty shade
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| Which pair of minerals would be found in a felsic rock? | orthoclase and quartz
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| All rocks contain | minerals
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| Which is NOT a feature of sedimentary rocks? | porphyritic texture
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| Which most likely cooled and hardened underground? | gabbro
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| According to James Hutton's principle of uniformitariansism, a river canyon is the result of the | long, continued erosion by a river
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| Which best describes mafic magma? | low silica content, dark color, thin and fluid
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| A rock that reacts to acid is | limestone
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| Which is obtained from a nonrenewable resource? | gasoline
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| Which statement about Earth's water is FALSE? | Like air, water resources are evenly spread around the Earth
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| A result of plant respiration is | carbon dioxide
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| The process of eutropication affects | water
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| A form of pollution associated with nuclear power reactors is | heat
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| Which process can result from irrigation and evaporation in a desert? | salinization
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| Mineral reserves are | total known deposits of ore
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| Nonmetallic mineral resources frequently used in constructionare | sand and gravel
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| The type of coal that would be expected to pollute the air least is | anthrocite
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| Which method of generating electricity does not involve a turbine? | solar cells
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| A fossil fuel that can sometimes be obtained from shale is | oil
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| Which energy source is renewed by falling rain? | water power
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| An energy source that would be difficult to use in an area of nearly constant cloud cover is | solar energy
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| Hydroelectric power generates electricity with | running water
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| Which is NOT a concern when windmill farms are used to generate electricity? | toxic wastes
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| Which is NOT a method of conserving nonrenewable resources? | discovering new deposits of nonrenewable materials
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| The energy source associated with hot springs and volcanoes is | geothermal
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| The main use of coal in the United States today is | electricity generation
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| A fuel community found with natural gas is | oil
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| Distance from population centers and pipe corrosion are two problems associated with the use of | geothermal energy
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| Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and _______. | decayed organic matter
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| The layer of soil that contains organisms and organic matter is called the ________ horizon. | A
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| All of the following cause mechanical weathering except _______. | moss
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| In addition to rock and organic matter, soil also includes _______. | mineral fragments, water, air
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| Chemical weathering is more rapid in a ________ climate. | tropical
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| Any material or force that moves sediments from place to place is called a (n) | agent of erosion
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| Mounds of sand deposited by wind are called | loess
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| A ridge deposited along the side of a glacier is called a | lateral moraine
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| Which of the following is the slowest type of mass movement | creep
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| A (n) _______ is formed when water empties into a lake, gulf, or ocean. | delta
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| Green sands may be made of ________. | olivine
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| The construction of a _______ is often part of a water diversion project. | dam
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| Boating, swimming and scuba diving are examples of _______ uses of water. | recreational
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| Runoff water ________. | forms streams
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| The network of runoff channels that form a river is called a (an) | drainage system
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| The crust and upper mantle make up Earth's _______ | lithosphere
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| Less dense plates of the lithosphere float on the ______ | asthenosphere
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| The ______ are mountains formed by the collision of the Indian plate and the Asian plate | Himalayas
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| The formation and alignment of new iron mineral reflect that fact that Earth's ______ has reversed itself several times in its past. | magnetic field
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| Plates move apart at ________ boundaries | divergent
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| When the buildup of stress in Earth's crust is so great that rocks reach their _____ an earthquake occurs. | elastic limit
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| A reverse fault is often located along a ______ plate boundary. | convergent
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| _______ move through Earth by causing particles of rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the waves. | S waves
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| To locate an earthquake's ________, scientists use information from three seismograph stations. | epicenter
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| By noting the change in the speed and path of ______, scientists have been able to determine the structure of Earth's interior. | seismic waves
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| Dikes are formed when ________. | magma enters a vertical crack an hardens
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| A laccolith is created when _______. | magma in a sill pushes up to form a rock dome
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| A mountain that forms when layers of lava and ash erupt and build up is a ________. | volcano
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| Hot spots occur at _______. | locations not at plate boundaries
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| Kilauea in Hawaii is the world's most _______ volcano. | active
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