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A representation of an object, process, or phenomenon is called a (n)
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In a closed system, the only thing that can enter or leave is
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Earth Science
Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A representation of an object, process, or phenomenon is called a (n) | model |
| In a closed system, the only thing that can enter or leave is | energy |
| A beaker of water is healed over laboratory burner. This is an example of a (n) | open system |
| A test tube containing plant material and water is sealed and left in sunlight. This is an example of a (n) | closed system |
| One reason Earth is not entirely a closed system is because | the atmosphere loses hydrogen to space |
| The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth is called the | atmosphere |
| Most of Earth's fresh water is | locked up in glacial ice |
| You are considered to be part of Earth's | biosphere |
| The lava from volcano destroying a nearby forest is an example of | the geosphere interacting with the biosphere |
| A canyon that is formed when rocky ground is eroded by a river is an example of | the hydrosphere interacting with the geosphere |
| Pollution from the chimney of a factory is an example of | the biosphere interacting with the atmosphere |
| Most of Earth's liquid form of water is | in oceans |
| Phytoplankton play an important role in the carbon cycle because | they convert carbon dioxide to methane |
| A sequence of events that repeals itself is known as a | cycle |
| The carbon cycle is an example of a (n) | geochemical cycle |
| The process of water exiting a plant through its leaves is known as | transpiration |
| Which of the following statements about energy is true? | Energy in a system cannot be completely recycled |
| Which of the following is not a way that carbon can enter the atmosphere? | Photosynthesis |
| The major source of Earth's energy is | solar energy |
| What would happen to the climate if Earth took in more energy than it released? | The climate would get warmer |
| Logical explanations for events that happen nature are called | theories |
| Recorded observations or measurements are called | data |
| Proposed solutions to scientific problems are called | hypotheses |
| Which of the following is usually the first step in the scientific method? | stating the problem |
| Factors that are being tested in an experiment are called | variables |
| The study of planets and other objects in space is called | astronomy |
| The study of Earth's origin, history, and structure is called | geology |
| The study of weather and climate is called | meteorology |
| Which of the following is a unit of length? | meter |
| Which of the following is a unit of volume? | liter |
| The amount of matter in an object is called | mass |
| Which of the following is a unit of volume? | liter |
| All of the following are problems created by technology EXCEPT _______? | overpopulation |
| The amount of space occupied by an object is called ______? | volume |
| Density equals | mass/volume |
| Which of the following is dangerous in a laboratory? | leaving a lighted Bunsen burner unattended |
| If you are fooling around in the lab... | you will get a zero |
| You should _________ taste chemicals. | never |
| All waste should go in the trash. | false |
| All liquids go in the sink. | false |
| Which does NOT provide evidence that Earth is a sphere? | the core's composition of nickle and iron |
| As a ship sails a steady course, the Big Dipper gets higher in the sky, while the Southern Cross gets lower. In what direction must the ship be sailing? | north |
| In measuring the circumferences of Earth, Erasthenes needed to know all EXCEPT | the rotation rate of Earth |
| Which best describes Earth's exact shape? | slightly flattened at poles and slightly bulging at equator |
| Earth's shape is primarily the result of | rotation |
| What is the density of an object with a mass of 90.4 g and a volume of 3 cm3 | 11.3 |
| If Earth's interior was the same composition as the crust, Earth would most likely | have a lower average density |
| Which best explains why the weight of an object is less at the equator than at the poles? | Earth's shape is not a perfect sphere |
| What is the density of a material that has a mass of 10g and volume of 2cm3? | 5 |
| The distance between two locations on a sphere is 120 meters. If the two locations are also 30 degrees apart, what is the circumference of the sphere? | 1440m |
| A polyconic map projection | is used to make topographic maps |
| Latitude and longitude are shown correctly | on all map projections |
| How many degrees of latitude, the number of kilometers in one degree of longitude is | sometimes the same, usually less |
| The greatest number of degrees that a traveler can ever be from the prime meridian is | 180 |
| The kind of map scale indicated by 1:1000000 is | numerical |
| Including sea level how many contour lines would be needed to show an island 125 feet high on a map with a contour interval of 20 feet? | 7 |
| Depression contours are used to show | craters of volcanoes |
| A 40-foot contour line on a map with a contour interval of 10 feet has a single depression contour line inside it. What should the depression contour be labeled? | 30 feet |
| A spot elevation of 1237 feet is shown on a topographic map. If the contour interval of the map is 20 feet, what is the value of the first contour line below the spot elevation? | 1220 feet |
| One requirement for a substance to be a mineral is that the substance must | formed naturally |
| The nucleus of an atom does NOT contain | electrons |
| Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called | ions |
| An example of a native mineral is | copper |
| The major portion of the volume of the silicate mineral is | oxygen |
| Which of the mineral properties listed includes the descriptions conchoidal, fibrous, splintery, and irregular? | fracture |
| A mineral property that cannot be determined by inspection is | hardness |
| A mineral can be scratched by feldspar but scratches apatite what other mineral on Moh's scale would be expected to scratch this mineral? | quartz |
| A mineral sample has a weight of eight newtons in air and six newtons in water. What is the specific gravity of the sample? (Hint: divide) | 4 |
| A mineral that glows under a ultraviolet light has the property of | flourecense |
| The cooling and hardening of magma deep underground results in rocks classified as | plutonic |
| An example of a plutonic rock is | granite |
| Which is likely to have formed farthest from the shoreline? | silty shade |
| Which pair of minerals would be found in a felsic rock? | orthoclase and quartz |
| All rocks contain | minerals |
| Which is NOT a feature of sedimentary rocks? | porphyritic texture |
| Which most likely cooled and hardened underground? | gabbro |
| According to James Hutton's principle of uniformitariansism, a river canyon is the result of the | long, continued erosion by a river |
| Which best describes mafic magma? | low silica content, dark color, thin and fluid |
| A rock that reacts to acid is | limestone |
| Which is obtained from a nonrenewable resource? | gasoline |
| Which statement about Earth's water is FALSE? | Like air, water resources are evenly spread around the Earth |
| A result of plant respiration is | carbon dioxide |
| The process of eutropication affects | water |
| A form of pollution associated with nuclear power reactors is | heat |
| Which process can result from irrigation and evaporation in a desert? | salinization |
| Mineral reserves are | total known deposits of ore |
| Nonmetallic mineral resources frequently used in constructionare | sand and gravel |
| The type of coal that would be expected to pollute the air least is | anthrocite |
| Which method of generating electricity does not involve a turbine? | solar cells |
| A fossil fuel that can sometimes be obtained from shale is | oil |
| Which energy source is renewed by falling rain? | water power |
| An energy source that would be difficult to use in an area of nearly constant cloud cover is | solar energy |
| Hydroelectric power generates electricity with | running water |
| Which is NOT a concern when windmill farms are used to generate electricity? | toxic wastes |
| Which is NOT a method of conserving nonrenewable resources? | discovering new deposits of nonrenewable materials |
| The energy source associated with hot springs and volcanoes is | geothermal |
| The main use of coal in the United States today is | electricity generation |
| A fuel community found with natural gas is | oil |
| Distance from population centers and pipe corrosion are two problems associated with the use of | geothermal energy |
| Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and _______. | decayed organic matter |
| The layer of soil that contains organisms and organic matter is called the ________ horizon. | A |
| All of the following cause mechanical weathering except _______. | moss |
| In addition to rock and organic matter, soil also includes _______. | mineral fragments, water, air |
| Chemical weathering is more rapid in a ________ climate. | tropical |
| Any material or force that moves sediments from place to place is called a (n) | agent of erosion |
| Mounds of sand deposited by wind are called | loess |
| A ridge deposited along the side of a glacier is called a | lateral moraine |
| Which of the following is the slowest type of mass movement | creep |
| A (n) _______ is formed when water empties into a lake, gulf, or ocean. | delta |
| Green sands may be made of ________. | olivine |
| The construction of a _______ is often part of a water diversion project. | dam |
| Boating, swimming and scuba diving are examples of _______ uses of water. | recreational |
| Runoff water ________. | forms streams |
| The network of runoff channels that form a river is called a (an) | drainage system |
| The crust and upper mantle make up Earth's _______ | lithosphere |
| Less dense plates of the lithosphere float on the ______ | asthenosphere |
| The ______ are mountains formed by the collision of the Indian plate and the Asian plate | Himalayas |
| The formation and alignment of new iron mineral reflect that fact that Earth's ______ has reversed itself several times in its past. | magnetic field |
| Plates move apart at ________ boundaries | divergent |
| When the buildup of stress in Earth's crust is so great that rocks reach their _____ an earthquake occurs. | elastic limit |
| A reverse fault is often located along a ______ plate boundary. | convergent |
| _______ move through Earth by causing particles of rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the waves. | S waves |
| To locate an earthquake's ________, scientists use information from three seismograph stations. | epicenter |
| By noting the change in the speed and path of ______, scientists have been able to determine the structure of Earth's interior. | seismic waves |
| Dikes are formed when ________. | magma enters a vertical crack an hardens |
| A laccolith is created when _______. | magma in a sill pushes up to form a rock dome |
| A mountain that forms when layers of lava and ash erupt and build up is a ________. | volcano |
| Hot spots occur at _______. | locations not at plate boundaries |
| Kilauea in Hawaii is the world's most _______ volcano. | active |
Created by:
amartin82