Terms 6.1 and 6.2
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| somatic cell | cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except gametes
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| gamete | sex cell; an egg or sperm cell
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| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ
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| autosome | chromosome that contains genes for the characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism
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| sex chromosome | chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics
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| sexual reproduction | process by which two gametes fuse and offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents are produced
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| fertilization | fusion of an egg and sperm cell
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| diploid | cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm
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| haploid | cell that has only one copy of each chromosome
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| meiosis | form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for sexual reproduction
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| gametogenesis | process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other maturational changes
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| sperm | male gamete
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| egg | female gamete
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| polar body | haploid cell produced during meiosis in the female of many species; these cells have little more than DNA and eventually disintegrate
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