studying and building memories
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| memory | ability to bring to conscious awareness things experienced/imagined/learned
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| information processing model | computer-like model describing human encoding, storing, and retrieving info
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| encoding | process of getting info to the brain (translation of info into a form in which it can be stored)
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| storage | process of retaining encoded info (maintance of encoded info over a period of time)
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| retrieval | process of getting info back out of the memory storage (locating stored info and returning it to conscious thought)
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| serial processing | solving one problem at a time (computer freeze)
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| parallel processing | solving more than one problem/task at a time (us)
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| effortful processing | requires attention and conscious effort
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| automatic processing | encoding memory unconsciously (space, time, frequency)
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| sensory memory/register | gateway btwn perception and memory. The entry pts for raw info from the senses (recording of sensory info into the memory system)
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| iconic | momentary sensory memory of VISUAL stimuli
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| echoic | momentary sensory memory of AUDITORY stimuli; without focus, sounds/words can be recalled within 3-4 secs
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| significance of Sperling's experiment? | when associated with a sound, when we are showed a picture for a few tenths of second, our eyes register the photo, and we can recall it in great detail
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| short-term/working memory | briefly stores and processes selected info from the sensory registers (40 mil info>>40 info)
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| chunking | grouping together items into manageable units
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| mnemonic devices | memory aids that use visual imagery (or acronyms)
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| method of Loci | *memorizing something by connecting places you places you've already memorized
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| peg word | a # associated with a rhyming word. Then visually associate the rhymed word with something that you must remember
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| hierarchies | (outline form) a broad concept divided into narrower concepts&facts
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| how does distributed practice help memory | the more time between practice/studying, the better memory of the info that you have
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| shallow processing | encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words (of the word itself or its sound)
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| deep processing | encoding words based on its meaning (better for learning)
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| maintenance (Rote) rehearsal (ways to storage) | repeating info; shallow (processing) (confirmation class)
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| elaborative rehersal (ways to storage) | relate it to info already known (deep processing)
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| organizational systems (ways to storage) | files; groups classes by common features
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| episodic memory | specific events we have experienced (timeline)
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| semantic memory | facts, figures, and general world knowledge
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| procedural memory | skills and habits that are learned (hard to explain; doing a turn)
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| emotional memory | learned emotional responses to various stimuli
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| explicit/declarative memory | memory of facts/experiences that we are consciously aware of; can be expressed in words/gestures
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| implicit nondeclarative memory | learning that is separate of conscious recollection; cannot be expressed physically, unconscious and incindental
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| visual encoding | see it in your mind as a picture "where was the last place I saw my phone?"
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| acoustic encoding | the sequence of sounds (read a list and repeat it; out loud)
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| semantic encoding | making the info make sense "related to meaning" (make into word)
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| masking | refreshing of the sensory memory (need to blink/move eyes or else you'll become blind; you need a constant stimulus; doesn't last long)
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| working memory | processes new info and relate to relevant info in the LTM
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| long term memory | holds permanent memories and knowledge (semantic or elaborate rehearsal)
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
allyson.lee
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