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psychU7M31
studying and building memories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | ability to bring to conscious awareness things experienced/imagined/learned |
| information processing model | computer-like model describing human encoding, storing, and retrieving info |
| encoding | process of getting info to the brain (translation of info into a form in which it can be stored) |
| storage | process of retaining encoded info (maintance of encoded info over a period of time) |
| retrieval | process of getting info back out of the memory storage (locating stored info and returning it to conscious thought) |
| serial processing | solving one problem at a time (computer freeze) |
| parallel processing | solving more than one problem/task at a time (us) |
| effortful processing | requires attention and conscious effort |
| automatic processing | encoding memory unconsciously (space, time, frequency) |
| sensory memory/register | gateway btwn perception and memory. The entry pts for raw info from the senses (recording of sensory info into the memory system) |
| iconic | momentary sensory memory of VISUAL stimuli |
| echoic | momentary sensory memory of AUDITORY stimuli; without focus, sounds/words can be recalled within 3-4 secs |
| significance of Sperling's experiment? | when associated with a sound, when we are showed a picture for a few tenths of second, our eyes register the photo, and we can recall it in great detail |
| short-term/working memory | briefly stores and processes selected info from the sensory registers (40 mil info>>40 info) |
| chunking | grouping together items into manageable units |
| mnemonic devices | memory aids that use visual imagery (or acronyms) |
| method of Loci | *memorizing something by connecting places you places you've already memorized |
| peg word | a # associated with a rhyming word. Then visually associate the rhymed word with something that you must remember |
| hierarchies | (outline form) a broad concept divided into narrower concepts&facts |
| how does distributed practice help memory | the more time between practice/studying, the better memory of the info that you have |
| shallow processing | encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words (of the word itself or its sound) |
| deep processing | encoding words based on its meaning (better for learning) |
| maintenance (Rote) rehearsal (ways to storage) | repeating info; shallow (processing) (confirmation class) |
| elaborative rehersal (ways to storage) | relate it to info already known (deep processing) |
| organizational systems (ways to storage) | files; groups classes by common features |
| episodic memory | specific events we have experienced (timeline) |
| semantic memory | facts, figures, and general world knowledge |
| procedural memory | skills and habits that are learned (hard to explain; doing a turn) |
| emotional memory | learned emotional responses to various stimuli |
| explicit/declarative memory | memory of facts/experiences that we are consciously aware of; can be expressed in words/gestures |
| implicit nondeclarative memory | learning that is separate of conscious recollection; cannot be expressed physically, unconscious and incindental |
| visual encoding | see it in your mind as a picture "where was the last place I saw my phone?" |
| acoustic encoding | the sequence of sounds (read a list and repeat it; out loud) |
| semantic encoding | making the info make sense "related to meaning" (make into word) |
| masking | refreshing of the sensory memory (need to blink/move eyes or else you'll become blind; you need a constant stimulus; doesn't last long) |
| working memory | processes new info and relate to relevant info in the LTM |
| long term memory | holds permanent memories and knowledge (semantic or elaborate rehearsal) |
Created by:
allyson.lee
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