Basic concepts of learning
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| Operant Conditioning | Learning. Behavior strengthened followed by reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. We associate our own actions w/ consequences.
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| Law of Effect | Thorndike's idea that Rewarded Behavior Tends to Recur.
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| Reinforcement | Any consequence that strengthens /increases a behavior.
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| Positive Reinforcement | A desirable stimulus is added. Pet a dog who comes when you call it.
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| Negative Reinformanct | Something that provides relief. Remove an aversive stimulus
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| Punishment | Any consequence tends to decrease the behavior of the behavior it follows.
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| Supporters and Researchers of non-violent parenting: found 4 major draw-backs of physical punishment | True or False
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| 1. Punished behavior is suppressed, not forgotten | True or False
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| 2. Punishment teaches discrimination among situations. | True or False
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| 3. Punishment can teach fear. | True or False
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| 4. Physical punishment may increase aggression by modeling violence as a way of coping with problems. | True or False
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| Limits of Classical Conditioning: | Our learning results not only from environmental experiences, but also from cognitive and biological influences.
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| Limits on Operant Conditioning | We most easily and retain behaviors that reflect our biological predispositions. Biological constraints predispose us to learn associations that are naturally adaptive.
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| A mental representation of the layouts of one's environment. | Cognitive map
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| Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. Learn it now, use it later. | Latent learning
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| A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake. | Intrinsic motivation
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| A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. | Extrinsic motivation
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| Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. This non-violent action is powerful. | Prosocial behavior
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| Repeated viewing of media violence | Dulls viewers' sensitivity to violence. Desensitizes people; we become more indifferent; Watching cruelty fosters indifference. Violence viewing effect.
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| Children who often receive physical punishment tend to display more aggression, and often become more aggressive over time. | Antisocial Effects on Behavior.
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