SPC Cardiopulmonary Assessment Unit 6 Exam 3
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| What are the 3 cell types in blood? | 1. Erythrocytes (RBC's)
2. Leukocytes (WBC's)
3. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
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| Normal RBC count for males? | 5-6 million/mm^3
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| Normal RBC count for females? | 4-5 million/mm^3
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| Normal Hb count for males? | 14-17 g/dL
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| Normal Hb count for females? | 12-15 g/dL
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| Normal Hematocrit count for males? | 40-50%
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| Normal Hematocrit count for females? | 35-45%
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| Normal "white blood count" WBC | 5-10,000/mm^3
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| What is Leukocytosis? | Increase in WBC count
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| What is Leukopenia? | Decrease in WBC count
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| What causes Anemias? | 1. Increased RBC breakdown
2. Decrease RBC production
3. Blood Loss
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| What is Anemia? | Decrease in RBC's, Hb, & Hct
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| What is Polycythemias? | Increase in RBC's, Hb, & Hct
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| What is Polycythemia Vera? | Condition where the bone marrow increases production of RBC's
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| What causes Polycythemia Vera? | 1. Chronic Hypoxemic Lung/Heart Disease
2. High Altitude Dwellers
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| What is Neutrophilia? | 1. Increase Neutrophil Count
2. First responders to Infection
3. Commonly assoc. w/ Bacterial infection (Pneumonia)
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| What is Neutropenia? | 1. Decreased Neutrophil Count
2. Septic Shock
3. Overwhelming infection
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| What is Eosinophilia? | 1. Increased Eosinophil Count
2. Assoc. w/ Allergic Disorders (Asthma) & Parasitic Infections
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| What is Lymphocytosis? | 1. Increased Lymphocyte Count
2. Assoc. w/ Viral Infections
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| What is Lymphocytopenia? | 1. Decresed Lymphocyte Count
Assoc. w/:
1. HIV Infection
2. T4/T8 Ratio decreases w/ development of AIDS
3. Helper Cells & Suppressor Cells
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| What is Monocytosis? | 1. Increase Monocyte Count
2. Predominant cell after 48hrs of infection
3. Once in tissue called Histocytes
4. Assoc. w/: Chronic Infection (TB)
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| Clinical significance of Platelet Count? | Normal Thrombocyte Count 50,000-400,000/mm^3
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| What is Thrombocytopenia? | 1. Decrease Thrombocyte Count <50,000
2. Increase bleeding risk <20,000
3. Spontaneous internal hemorrhage
4. IVH
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| Signs of Thrombocytopenia? | 1. Petechiae (red/purple spots)
2. Eccymosis (blue/black spots)
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| Causes of Thrombocytopenia? | 1. Indomethacin
2. Heparin
3. Prednisone
4. INH
5. Bone marrow disease
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| Define Bacteriology? | Medical Microbiology
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| Define Gram Negative? | A bacteria that stains red
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| Define Gram Positive? | A Bacteria the stains violet
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| Define Cocci? | A round, spherical bacteria
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| Define Rod? | An elongated, tubular bacteria
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| Define Acid-Fast? | Ziehl-Neelsen Stain & Mycobacterium TB
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| Define Culture? | Growth of microorganisms in a special media
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| Define Sensitivity? | Subjecting cultured bacteria to a number of antibiotics to determine which prevents growth
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| What are transudates? | Protein <3g/dL
1. Thin & Watery
2. Few Cells
3. CHF
4. Cirrhosis
5. Pulmonary Emboli
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| What are exudates? | Protein >3g/dL
1. Thick & opaque
2. Many cells (WBC)
3. Pneumonia
4. TB
5. Fungal diseases
6. Lung cancer
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| What is Chylothorax? | Chyle from the thoracic duct in the pleural space, usually following trauma.
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| What is Hemothorax? | Blood in the plural space, usually following trauma
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| What is empyema? | "Super exudate" from infection
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| What is Histology? | Study of tissue, taken via biopsy
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| What is Cytology? | Study of cells, taken via brushings & washings. Sputum analysis/Pleural fluid analysis
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| What is "Fine Needle Aspiration"? | A cytological procedure where a small (22ga) needle is penetrated into a mass and cells a aspirated for subsequent analysis
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| What is the clinical application for histology and cytology testing? | Diagnosis & Monitoring of Cancer
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