Science Vocab
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| composition | the chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock
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| continental crust | is the land that is underwater or above land; the land we walk on
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| continental drift | the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up and drifted to their present locations
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| convection currents | the cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking
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| convergent boundary | the boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates
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| core | the central part of the earth below the mantle
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| crust | the tin and solid outermost layer of the earth above the mantle
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| density | the ratio of a mass of the substance to the volume of the substance
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| divergent | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
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| earthquakes | Quakes on Earth; when the tectonic plates deform creating a fault
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| asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
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| fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block sides relative to another
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| fold | the bending to rock layers due to stress in the earth's crust
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| geothermal energy | the energy produced by heat within the Earth
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| Hot Spots | a volcanically active area of earth's surface far from a tectonic plate
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| lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of earth the consists of the mantle
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| lithosphere plates | another name for tectonic plates
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| magma | molten/melted rock
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| mantle | the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core
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| Mid ocean ridge | a long, undersea mountain chain that forms along the floor of the major oceans
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| oceanic crust | a crust that is thinner and denser than the continental crust
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| Pangea | the continent we used to live on 245 million years ago
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| plate boundaries | the boundary between 2 plates
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| plate tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth's outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape
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| radioactive decay | the process in which a radioactive isotope tends to break down into a stable isotope of the same element or another element
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| reverse boundary | when rocks are pushed together by compression, reverse faults often form
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| sea floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies
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| subduction | the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
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| temperate | the measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
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| transform boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
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| volcanoes | a vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled
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