Mid unit review for chapter 5, science. VC
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| How did ancient people use the night sky? | Celestial bodies and event have been views with wonder for thousands of years. They fuelled humans imagination and marked the passage of time and foretold seasons
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| What is retrograde? | to move backwards for planets
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| What is epicycles? | Smaller orbits in which the planets move as they orbit around earth/sun
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| what are celestial bodies? | Natural objects in the sky (Stars. planets, comets...)
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| What is heliocentric mean? | the sun is in the center if the universe and planets including the moons orbit around the sun
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| Who invented the geocentric model? | Aristotle proposed earth is located int he center and which the plates orbit in perfect circles. Ptolemy fixed Aristotle problems and proposed a complex system of off center orbits and epicycles
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| Who evented the heliocentric model? | Copernicus proposed that the sun was in the center of the universe and orbited in perfect circle using epicycles. Kepler and Brahe came along and explained using their mathematical skills that planets traveled in ellipsis (Ovals)
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| What is a sundial? | uses the sun to tell what time of day it is
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| what is a quadrant? | measure a star height above the horizon
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| Kilometer distance | used in measure short distance, earth to moon
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| Astronomical unit | used to measure distances within our solar system. earth to sun
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| Light year | The distance that light travels
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| How many km make up a AU? | 150 million km (Earth to sun)
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| How many km make up a light year? | 9.5 trillion km
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| what is frame of reference? | a set of axes of an kind that is used to describe the positions or motion of things, relative to the observe
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| what is altitude? | how high an object in the sky is, measured in degrees above the horizon
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| what is azimuth? | Position of the object i n the sky, measured clockwise from north in degrees and provides the direction
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| what is a astrolabe? | a device constructed to locate a object in the sky
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| What is a star? | A star is a hot glowing ball of gas that gives off tremendous electromagnetic energy including visible light
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| Describe a death of a star | A star expands as they grow old, when the core runs out of hydrogen and helium the outer layer expands cool and becomes less bright depending the size three things could happen.
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| Small star death | when very small mass red dwarf star dies it is relatively quiet, peaceful process. The furnace burns out the the star turns dark, into a black dwarf
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| Medium star death | The furnace of the core is fusing hydrogen atoms into helium atoms and photons. begins to collapse. center of the star fuse together creating heavier elements. Same time the outer layer expands, star shrinks. Becomes a white dwarf
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| Super and giant star death | Just like the medium star. With addition mass causes the temperature at the center to go higher creating heavier elements. Fusion continues and then the star collapses instantly a giant explosion appears
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| What is a super nova? | contains tremendous amounts of energy after a explosion of a super giant star
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| What is a neutron star? | Atoms of the star that have been crush together tightly and what remains is the center of atoms size of a city but is very heavy. SPINS RAPIDLY
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| What is a black hole? | After a supernova the star would collapse more and turn into a black hole. Anything near it would be sucked and be gone forever
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| What are constellations? | group of stars that form patterns the sky.
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| What is a galaxy? | a grouping of millions and billions of stars , gas and dust held together by gravity.
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| Name the three types of distinctive galaxies | Irregular, Spiral, Elliptical
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| What is a irregular galaxy? | Small type of Galaxy filled with out and new stars
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| What is a spiral galaxy? | above appears to have long curved arms and is filled with young stars
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| What is a elliptical galaxy? | shaped like a football and is filled with old stars
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| What is the order of planets in our solar system? | Mercury, Venus, earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
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| What are the two distinct planetary grouping? | Terrestrial and gaseous
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| What are terrestrial planets? | The four inner planets made out of rock or solids like mercury, Venus, earth and mars
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| What are gaseuos planets? | The four outer planets that are made out of gases like Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune
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| What is a asteroid? | Between orbits of mars and Jupiter its a narrow belt of small rocky or metallic bodies travelling through space
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| What is a comet? | dirty snowballs are orbiting in the outer reaches of the solar system until pushed inward towards the sun by a large object
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| What is meteor? | Small chucks of rock that travel through our solar system with no particular path and heats up to give off light
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| What is a meteorite? | Small chucks of rock that travel through our solar system with no particular path, that they have enough impact to effect earth
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| What is a telescope? | A device designed to collect and focus light from distant object using a objective lens and mirror
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| What is refract/refraction? | Uses lens as its objective to focus light to form an image.
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| What is reflection/reflect? | Using concave mirrors instead of a lens to reflect
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| What does resolution mean? | to the fineness of detail - clarity.
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| How do we increase the fineness of a telescope? | To increase the fineness of a telescope you would increase the light collecting surface either lens or mirror. Larger lens provide much more detail
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| What does interferometry mean? | the process of increasing resolution n of a optical telescope by combing the light collector to two or more telescopes.
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| What are adaptive optics? | A technique that uses computers to control the image by adapting the shape of the objective mirror.
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| What is a Hubble space craft? | access to the earths atmosphere and takes extremely sharp images with no light in the background
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| What is triangulation? | based on the geometry. The idea was adapted for use in determining the distance to objects in space by measuring the angles between the ends of the baseline and a target object
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| How to measure using triangulation | To measure the distance indirectly you need to know the length of one of the side of the triangle called the baseline and the size of the two angles.
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| What is parallax? | the apparent shift in position of a nearby object when the object is viewed from two different places
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| When and why do we use parallax? | Astronomers use a stars parallax to determine what angles to use when they calculate the stars distance from earth
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| When having a bigger baseline in a triangulation means? | Having a larger or longer baseline means the more accurate the object from afar is
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| What is a spectroscope? | a device that produces the finer light detail
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| Who invented the spectroscope? | Joseph con Fraunhofer a German optician used a spectroscope to observe the suns spectrum.
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| What is spectroscopy? | Is the color of science
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| What are the three types of spectra? | continuous, emission and absorption
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| What is a continuous spectra? | A gas heated at high pressure or heated fluid produces a spectra that contains all colors blend together
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| What is a emission spectra? | A gas heated at low pressure produces a series o bright line of certain color on a black background
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| What is a absorption spectra? | A gas heated at high pressure passes through a cooler gas before hitting the spectroscope, produces a continuous spectrum with dark gaps
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| What can spectroscopy be used? | It can tell how fast and direction a object is moving.
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| What is the doppler effect? | the sounds are compressed or stretch out bases on your frame of reference. It is used to calculate the speed of a light omitting object. determine the speed and direction.
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| what is red shifted? | when a object is moving away from you, causing the wavelength to be longer
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| What is blue shifted? | when a object that is moving towards you causing the wavelengths to become much shorter.
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