Bio Chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cell Theory | The theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells.
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| Cytoplasm | The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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| Organelle | One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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| Prokaryotic Cell | Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
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| Eukaryotic Cell | Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
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| Cytoskeleton | The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
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| Nucleus | In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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| Ribosome | A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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| Golgi Apparatus | A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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| Vesicle | A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
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| Mitochondrion | In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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| Vacuole | Organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell
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| Lysosome | Organelle that contains enzymes
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| Centriole | Small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis
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| Cell Wall | Rigid structure that gives protein, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria
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| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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| Cell Membrane | Double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell
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| Phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorous and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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| Fluid Mosaic Model | Model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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| Selective Permeability | Condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
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| Receptor | Protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response
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| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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| Concentration Gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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| Isotonic | Solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| Facilitated Diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
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| Active Transport | The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
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| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
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| Phagocytosis | Uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle
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| Exocytosis | The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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