SLS Bio11 Taxonomy CC
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| Archaea | being genetically distinct from bacteria and often living in habitats with extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature or salinity.
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| Bacteria | microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere.they can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, or beneficial.
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| Binomial nomenclature | a system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant receives a name of two terms of which the first identifies the genus to which it belongs and the second the species itself.
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| Cladistics | a system of biological taxonomy that defines taxa uniquely by shared characteristics not found in ancestral groups and uses inferred evolutionary relationships to arrange taxa in a branching hierarchy such that all members of a given taxon have the same a
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| Cladogram | branching treelike diagram used to illustrate evolutionary relationships among organisms. Each node, or point of divergence, has two branching lines of descendance, indicating evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor.
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| Class | a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order.
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| Classification | is the process by which scientists group living organisms. Organisms are classified based on how similar they are, similarity was determined by examining the physical characteristics of an organism but modern classification uses a variety of techniques in
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| Division | A taxon at the rank of division. The second highest taxonomic classification for the kingdoms Plantae and fungi, between kingdom level and class level.
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| Domain | superkingdom, or empire is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy
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| Eukarya | The defining feature that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is that they have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope.
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| Family | is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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| Fungus | fungi lack chlorophyll, true roots, stems, and leaves, and reproduce by means of spores: in some systems of biological classification
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| Genus | a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology.
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| Kingdom | a taxonomic category of the highest rank, grouping together all forms of life having certain fundamental characteristics in common
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| Order | a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes.
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| Phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a kind of organism or the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism.
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| Phylum | is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
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| Protists | are organisms that are part of the biological kingdom called the protista. These organisms are not plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi. Protists are a very diverse group of organisms.
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| Species | A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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| Taxonomy | is the science of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups.
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| biochemical relationship | one of the ways to determine the degree of relatedness between organisms. Based on the biochemistry of the organisms.
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| embryological relationship | one of the ways to determine the degree of relatedness between organisms. Based on the embryological development of the organisms.
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| eukaryotic cell | Cell that possesses a nucleus and the other membranous organelles characteristic of complex cells
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| evolutionary relationship | one of the ways to determine the degree of relatedness between organisms. Based on the degree of separation between organisms on a cladogram.
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| homologous structure | structures that have the same origin but different uses. Example, whale fin and front leg of a dog.
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| prokaryotic cell | Cell lacking a nucleus and the membranous organelles found in complex cells; bacteria, including cyanobacteria.
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| sub-phylum | is a taxonomic rank below the rank of phylum. The taxonomic rank of 'subdivision' in fungi and plant taxonomy is equivalent to 'subphylum' in zoological taxonomy.
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