Patho
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Acetylcholine | found within the CNS, PNS, and ANS;can be an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter, depending on what neurons secrets it.
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| Acetylcholine in ANS | slows the heart rate, functioning as a inhibitory neurotransmitter
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| Acetycholine in PNS | excitatory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions
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| Serotonin | 5- hydroxytryptamine; neurotransmitter chemically derived from tryptophan; primarily found in the gastroinstestinal tract, platelets, and in the CNS; FEELINGS AND WELL BEING
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| Dopamine | located in the substantia nigra of the mid-brian basal ganglia region
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| Dopamine functions | behavior and cognition, voluntary movement, motivation, punishment and reward, attention, working memory and learning
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| Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) | chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, typically has a a relaxing, antianxiety, and anticonvulsive effect on the brain; decreases spasms and allow for muscle to tone
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| Myelin | is a Protective sheath that is formed around axons of some neurons in the nervous system; insulator of the electrical signal; contains lipids and is considered white matter
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| Dienecephalon | is the posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrian with the cerebral hemispheres; contains the thalamus and hypothalamus; relays sensory information between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of the PNS; EMOTION & MEMORIES
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| Mid-brain | involved in the functions of vision, hearing, eye movement & body movement; located within the brainstem
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| Basal gaglia | portion of the midbrain the modulates voluntary motor function and routine behaviors.
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| Substantia nigra | Portion of the basal gaglia that synthesizes dopamine
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| Seizure | is a sudden, abnormal, disorderly discharge of neurons within the brain that is characterized by a sudden, transient alteration in the brain function.
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| Aura | happens before seizure; unique sensation; strange light, unpleasant smell, or confusing thoughts or experiences
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| Ictal period | episode of the actual seizure
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| Postictal period | the phase after the seizure
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| Migraine | periodic, throbbing headaches that are characterized by altered perceptions, nausea and severe pain; photophobia and phonophobia may happen
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| Positron emission tomography (PET) | you can see imaging of the brain dopamine system with this test
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| Chorea | brief , irregular, dace like movement in Huntington Disease
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| Athetosis | twisting and writhing movements in Huntington Disease
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| Ataxia | lack of coordination, imbalance and gait disturbance; damage to the cerbellum
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