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Scientific Investigations

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Term
Definition
bar graph   a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to compare quantities.  
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circle graph   a graph that uses sections of a circle to compare part of a whole. The value in a circle graph is always 100%.  
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data   a collection of facts, observations or other information related to a question, observation, or an experimental investigation.  
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dependent variable   the factor or variable that may change as a result of the independent variable or the variable manipulated by the experimenter.  
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distance   the amount of space between two points, lines, or objects.  
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estimation   an approximation or educated guess at a quantity based on the facts known at that moment in time.  
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hypothesis   an idea that can be tested by an experiment or observation.  
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graphical representation   a pictorial display of the data.  
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independent variable   the variable of factor that is changed on purpose by the experimenter.  
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inference   an explanation based on available data at that moment in time.  
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line graph   a graph that shows the relationship between two quantities over time.  
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pattern   a recurring event.  
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phenomena   an observable event or occurrence.  
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predition   a statement of what is to happen based on what is known from observation  
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quantity   numbers, usually measurement with units.  
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repeated trials   the number of times that the independent variable is tested in an experiment.  
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scale model   a replica of an object.  
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sequence   sorting in a planned pattern.  
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validity   factual information based upon repeated trials.  
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experimental group   "guinea pigs" -- the real test group in an experiment  
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observation   something noted in an experiment or noticed about the world around you  
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control group   part of an experiment treated "normally" -- used to compare experimental results  
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theory   idea in science with at least some evidence or observations supporting it, useful in making predictions  
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direct observation   an observation made on something you can see or measure "firsthand"  
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indirect observation   observation about something you can't see or measure "firsthand" -- you must observe HOW OTHER THINGS ARE AFFECTED  
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law idea   in science proven correct repeatedly without exception  
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scientific method   steps often used in solving problems in science (can be helpful in solving any problem)  
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experiment   used to test a hypothesis  
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procedure   something DONE in an experiment  
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science   search for the true nature of the world and how it works based on our observations of it  
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