nctc 2nd sem final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| – Signs of hyperglycemia | • Fruity/acetone smell to breath, increased pulse, abnormal breathing, etc
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| – Signs of hypoglycemia | • Confusion, irritability, sweating, nervousness, etc
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| • Type I Diabetes Mellitus | • Type I Diabetes Mellitus – Absolute lack of insulin or production of defective insulin – Classic symptoms • Polydipsia • Polyphagia • Polyuria – Results from autoimmune reaction that destroys betal cells of the pancreas – Treated with insulin
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| Type II Diabetes Mellitus | – Insulin deficiency or insulin resistance – Accompanies: obesity, lipid abnormalities, hypertension – Initial treatment is weight loss, life-style changes, regular exercise – Treated with oral antidiabetic meds +/or insulin
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| Digoxin | Most commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside Derived from the digitalis plant Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, Beriberi heart disease or hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
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| Digoxin Available in: | Oral: 125 - 500 mcg (0.125 - 0.5 mg) tablets 50 - 200 mcg (0.05 - 0.2 mg) liquid-filled capsules Parenteral: 100- and 200 mcg (0.1 - 0.2 mg) IV injection
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| Digitalizing: | Administration of loading dose to rapidly bring digoxin levels up to a desirable therapeutic level
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| Maintenance dose after digitalizing | 0.125 - 0.5 mg / d
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| Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind) | Antidote for severe toxicity Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity Only available in parenteral form as a 40 mg vial Dose depends on digitoxin level of the blood in conjunction with the patient's weight
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| Common Dig side effects: | CV: arrhythmias (brady- or tachycardia) GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea CNS: headache, fatigue, malaise, confusion, convulsions Visual: colored vision (green, yellow, or purple), halos, flickering lights
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