Endocrine System
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| show | The Nervous System
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| The Endocrine System influences _______ _________ by means of hormones transported in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | Slowly,and tend to last longer
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| show | 1.Pituitary Gland
2.Thyroid Gland
3.Parathyroid Gland
4.Adrenal gland
5. Pineal Gland
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| What are some organs that produce both hormones and endocrine products ? | show 🗑
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| The hypothalamus has both what ? | show 🗑
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| What are other tissues and organs that produce hormones ? | show 🗑
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| show | Exocrine Glands
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| show | Endocrine Glands
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| show | 1.Pancreas
2.Testes
3.Ovary
4.Hypothalumus (neuroendocrine)
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| What are the three chemical messengers of the endocrine system ? | show 🗑
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| show | Hormones
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| show | Autocrines
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| What are locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them are called ? | show 🗑
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| Autocrine and Paracrine are local chemical messengers and will not be considered part of what ? | show 🗑
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| The Two main classes of hormones are | show 🗑
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| Amino acid-based hormones are | show 🗑
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| Steroids are | show 🗑
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| The mechanism of hormone action on target cells consist of these 5 steps | show 🗑
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| show | Water-Soluble Hormones ( all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid hormone)
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| What acts on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes? | show 🗑
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| cAMP signaling mechanism of the plamsa membrane receptors and second messenger system consist of | show 🗑
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| cAMP is rapidly degraded by the enzyme | show 🗑
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| show | G Protein
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| show | Phospholipase C enzyme
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| show | Intracellular receptors and direct gene activation
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| steroids and thyroid hormones diffuses into their target cells and does what ? | show 🗑
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| Target Cells must have a _______ ________ to which the hormonebinds to | show 🗑
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| show | on certain cells of the adrenal cortex
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| Thyroxin receptors are found on | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Blood levels of the hormone
2.relative # of receptors on or in the target cell
3.Affinity of binding between receptor and hormone
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| show | Up-reglation and down-regulation
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| show | Up-regulation
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| show | Down-regulation
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| Hormones_____ in the blood either _____ or bound | show 🗑
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| show | attached to plasma proteins, while others circulate without carriers.
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| The concentration of a circulating hormone reflects | show 🗑
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| Hormones are removed from the body by | show 🗑
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| show | Interaction of hormones on targets cells
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| One hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present is known as | show 🗑
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| More than one hormone produces the same effect on a target cell is know as | show 🗑
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| One or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone is known as | show 🗑
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| show | Controlled by negative feedback systems
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| Hormones are synthesized and released in response to | show 🗑
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| Changing of blood levels of ions and nutrients directly stimulates secretion of hormones is known as | show 🗑
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| show | Neural Stimuli
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| show | Hormonal Stimuli
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| The nervous system modifies | show 🗑
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| The pituitary gland (hypophysis) has two major lobes,what are they called ? | show 🗑
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| show | Stores ADH & Oxytocin
Oxytocin-Paraventricular nuclei
ADH- Supraoptic neclei
Pituicytes (glial-like supporting cells) and nerve fibers
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| show | FSH, ACTH, LH,TSH, PRL & GH
FALT = tropic hormones.
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| show | A downgrowth of hypothalamic neural tissue
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| The posterior lobe has a | show 🗑
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| Nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesize the neurohormones ______and ________ and Neurohormones are then transported to the posterior pituitary and stored. | show 🗑
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| show | Originates as an out-pocketing of the oral mucosa and Carries releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary to regulate hormone secretion
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| What is the only connection between the ant & post pit ? | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior Pituitary Hormones
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| Produced by somatotrophs Stimulates most cells, but targets bone and skeletal muscle Promotes protein synthesis and encourages use of fats for fuel Most effects are mediated indirectly by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Stimulates liver, skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage to produce insulin-like growth factors
2.Mobilizes fats, elevates blood glucose by decreasing glucose uptake and encouraging glycogen breakdown (anti-insulin effect of GH
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| Hypersecretion imbalances of growth hormone results in what in what in children and adults ? | show 🗑
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| Hyposecreation imbalances of growth hormone results in what in children ? | show 🗑
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| show | Produced by thyrotrophs of the anterior pituitary and
Stimulates the normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid
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| Regulation of TSH release is stimulated and inhibitated by what ? | show 🗑
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| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone is secreated by and stimulates what ? | show 🗑
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| show | Triggered by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in a daily rhythm
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| show | Internal and external factors such as fever, hypoglycemia, and stressors can alter the release of CRH
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| Gonadotropins are | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates gamete (egg or sperm) production
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| LH | show 🗑
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| Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by and stimulates what ? | show 🗑
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| Regulation of PRL release | show 🗑
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