Multicellular Organisms - Genetics
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| What is an allele? | Different forms of the same gene
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| What is a phenotype? | The physical appearance due to genetic trait
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| What is a genotype? | the 2 alleles present e.g. BB or bb or Bb
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| How many dominant alleles do you need to allow the dominant phenotype to show | One
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| How many recessive alleles do you need to allow the recessive phenotype to show | Two
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| What is homozygous? | Two of the same alleles (e.g. BB or bb)
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| What is heterozygous? | Two different alleles (e.g. Bb)
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| What are the names for the generations in a family tree? | P, F1 and F2
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| Why are predicted ratios of offspring not always the observed ratio? | Fertilisation is a random process.
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| Define discrete variation. | A characteristic that can be split up into groups.
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| Define continuous variation. | A characteristic that shows a wide range or variation.
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| Tongue rolling is a characteristic split up into groups, is this an example of a discrete or continuous variation? | Discrete
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| Height is a characteristic that shows a wide range of values, is this an example of discrete or continuous variation? | Continuous
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| Which type of graph would represent a continuous characteristic? | Line graph
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| Which type of characteristic would represent a discrete characteristic? | Bar graph
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| Define polygenic inheritance | A characteristic controlled by more than one gene
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| Is continuous or discrete variation an example of polygenic inheritance? | Continuous
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| Is the term blue eyes a genotype or a phenotype? | Phenotype
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| Are the letters Bb a genotype or a phenotype? | Genotype
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| Single gene inheritance is shown by which type of variation? | Discrete
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| State the only genotype that will show a recessive characteristic. | bb (two small letters)
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| If two dominant parents have a recessive child, are they heterozygous or homozygous? | Heterozygous (Bb) (This allows them both to pass on the small b)
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| If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, what is the predicted ratio of offspring? | 3 dominant : 1 recessive
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| Blood type is a characteristic split up into groups, is this an example of continuous or discrete variation? | Discrete
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| State the term for different versions of the same gene? | Allele
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| State the term for a characteristic controlled by more than one gene | Polygenic
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| What is a gene | A section of a chromosome that codes for a characteristic
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| If a homozygous dominant individual was crossed with a recessive individual, what percentage show a dominant phenotype? | 100%
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| If a heterozygous individual was crossed with a recessive individual, what percentage show a recessive phenotype? | 50%
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