NPTE Neuromuscular
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| Myotatic reflex stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent Ia from muscle spindle to alpha MN and back to muscle
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| show | maintenance of muscle tone, support agonsist muscle contraction, provide feedback about muscle length
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| show | DTR
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| Via an inhibitory IN the myotatic reflex inhibits the antagonist | show 🗑
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| show | facilitation
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| Inverse myotatic reflex stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent Ib from GTO via inhibitory IN to muscle
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| Function of inverse myotatic reflex arc | show 🗑
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| show | Gamma reflex loop
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| show | excite gamma MN causing muscle spindle contraction then increased stretch sensitivity and increased firing from spindle afferents then conveyed to alpha MNs
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| show | cutaneous sensory stimuli
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| show | cutaneous receptors via Ins to flexor muscles
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| Flexor withdrawal reflex arc function | show 🗑
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| show | noxious stimuli – Flexors excited with extensor inhibition, opposite on CL side
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| Crossed extension reflex function | show 🗑
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| 3 elements of Glasgow Coma Scale | show 🗑
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| Scoring of GCS | show 🗑
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| State defined by no eye opening even to pain, failure to obey commands, inability to speak | show 🗑
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| Return of sleep/wake cycles, normalization of basic functions, lack of cognitive responsiveness | show 🗑
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| Central language DO with speech is awkward, restricted, interrupted, produced with effort | show 🗑
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| show | L hemisphere – Broca’s area
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| Impairment of volitional articulatory control 2/2 cortical dominant hemisphere lesion | show 🗑
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| Impairment of speech production | show 🗑
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| Central language DO where spontaneous speech preserved/smooth while auditory comprehension impaired | show 🗑
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| show | Posterior frist temporal gyrus of L hemisphere (Wernicke’s area)
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| Severe aphasia with impairments in comprehension & production of language | show 🗑
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| Periods of apnea followed by gradually increasing depth/frequency of respirations | show 🗑
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| Cheyne Stokes caused by | show 🗑
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| Increased rate and depth of respirations | show 🗑
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| Hyperventilation can be caused by dysfunction of | show 🗑
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| show | Apneustic breathing
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| Apneustic breathing is result of damage to | show 🗑
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| Elevation of temperature may be damage to | show 🗑
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| Signs of meningeal irritation | show 🗑
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| Kernig’s sign | show 🗑
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| Brudzinski’s sign | show 🗑
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| show | restless, confused, decr LOC, incr BP, widening pulse P & slowed pulse, Cheyne-Stokes, elevated temp, HA, vomiting, unequal pupils, slowed PLRs, dilated pupils*, papilledema, weakness, hemiplegia, Babinski, decorticate or decerebrate rigidity, seizures
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| show | test for ability to perceive joint position at rest in response to passive positioning
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| Kinesthesia | show 🗑
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| Pallesthesia | show 🗑
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| Combined cortical sensation testing | show 🗑
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| Stereognosis | show 🗑
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| show | ability to recognize one or two blunt points applied to skin simultaneously
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| Barognosis | show 🗑
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| Graphesthesia | show 🗑
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| show | loss of half of visual field in each eye contralateral to side of cerebral hemisphere lesion
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| Somatognosia | show 🗑
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| Unilateral neglect | show 🗑
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| Anosognosia | show 🗑
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| show | spatial relations syndrome with lack of ability to pick out object
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| Form constancy | show 🗑
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| show | pt duplicates a pattern of 2-3 blocks
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| Topographical disorientation | show 🗑
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| show | inability to accurately determine what is upright
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| Agnosia | show 🗑
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| show | inability to perform voluntary learned movements in the absence of loss of sensation , strength, coordination, attention, or comprehension. Breakdown in conceptual or motor production system or both
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| Ideomotor apraxia | show 🗑
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| show | cannot perform the task at all, either on command or independently
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| show | marked resistance to PROM suddenly gives way
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| show | maintained stretch stimulus produces cyclical spasmodic contraction, usu plantar flexors or wrist flexors
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| Babinski | show 🗑
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| show | corticospinal (pyramidal) tract disruption
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| Hyperreflexia | show 🗑
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| Lead pipe Rigidity | show 🗑
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| show | interrupted by series of jerks
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| Decerebrate posturing | show 🗑
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| show | UEs in flexion, LEs in extension, seen in brainstem lesions above superior colliculus
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| show | arching back of head back and heels with UEs rigidly flexed. Seen in severe meningitis, tetanus, epilepsy, strychnine poisoning
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| show | Normal is PF of toes in response to stroking lateral sole of foot from calcaneus to 5th met, S1-2, tibial nerve
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| show | T6-L1, lateral to medial scratching of skin to umbilicus in each of 4 quadrants should cause deviation of umbilicus to stimulus
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| Cremasteric reflex | show 🗑
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| Sources of fatigue | show 🗑
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| CNS/Central fatigue | show 🗑
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| Neural/myoneural junction fatigue | show 🗑
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| Muscle contractile failure fatigue | show 🗑
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| Extrapyramidal disorders (basal ganglia dysfunction) | show 🗑
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| Tics | show 🗑
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| show | relatively quick twitches or dancing movments
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| Athetosis | show 🗑
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| Tremor | show 🗑
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| Myoclonus | show 🗑
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| Cerebellar disorders cause | show 🗑
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| show | seizures, tonic/clonic convulsive mvmts
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| show | impaired ability to associate muscles together for complex mvmt
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| show | impaired ability to judge distance or range of movement
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| Dysdiadochokinesia | show 🗑
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Created by:
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