NPTE Neuromuscular
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myotatic reflex stimulus | muscle stretch
🗑
|
||||
| Myotatic reflex arc | Afferent Ia from muscle spindle to alpha MN and back to muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Myotatic reflex function | maintenance of muscle tone, support agonsist muscle contraction, provide feedback about muscle length
🗑
|
||||
| Myotatic reflex testing | DTR
🗑
|
||||
| Via an inhibitory IN the myotatic reflex inhibits the antagonist | Reciprocal inhibition
🗑
|
||||
| Myotatic reflex effect on synergistic muscles | facilitation
🗑
|
||||
| Inverse myotatic reflex stimulus | muscle contraction
🗑
|
||||
| Inverse myotatic reflex arc | Afferent Ib from GTO via inhibitory IN to muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Function of inverse myotatic reflex arc | provides agonist inhibition, decreases force of agonist, stretch protection reflex
🗑
|
||||
| Allows muscle tension to come under control of descending pathways | Gamma reflex loop
🗑
|
||||
| Gamma reflex loop path | excite gamma MN causing muscle spindle contraction then increased stretch sensitivity and increased firing from spindle afferents then conveyed to alpha MNs
🗑
|
||||
| Flexor withdrawal reflex stimulus | cutaneous sensory stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Flexor withdrawal reflex arc | cutaneous receptors via Ins to flexor muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Flexor withdrawal reflex arc function | protective withdrawal mechanism
🗑
|
||||
| Crossed extension reflex stimulus and response | noxious stimuli – Flexors excited with extensor inhibition, opposite on CL side
🗑
|
||||
| Crossed extension reflex function | coordinates reciprocal limb activities such as gait
🗑
|
||||
| 3 elements of Glasgow Coma Scale | eye opening, motor response, verbal response
🗑
|
||||
| Scoring of GCS | 3-8 severe, 9-12 moderate, 13-15 minor
🗑
|
||||
| State defined by no eye opening even to pain, failure to obey commands, inability to speak | Coma
🗑
|
||||
| Return of sleep/wake cycles, normalization of basic functions, lack of cognitive responsiveness | Vegetative state
🗑
|
||||
| Central language DO with speech is awkward, restricted, interrupted, produced with effort | Expressive aphasia (Broca’s, nonfluent, motor)
🗑
|
||||
| Expressive aphasia result of | L hemisphere – Broca’s area
🗑
|
||||
| Impairment of volitional articulatory control 2/2 cortical dominant hemisphere lesion | Verbal apraxia
🗑
|
||||
| Impairment of speech production | Dysarthria
🗑
|
||||
| Central language DO where spontaneous speech preserved/smooth while auditory comprehension impaired | Receptive or Wernicke’s aphasa
🗑
|
||||
| Receptive aphasia is result of damage to | Posterior frist temporal gyrus of L hemisphere (Wernicke’s area)
🗑
|
||||
| Severe aphasia with impairments in comprehension & production of language | Global aphasia
🗑
|
||||
| Periods of apnea followed by gradually increasing depth/frequency of respirations | Cheyne Stokes respiration
🗑
|
||||
| Cheyne Stokes caused by | depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfunction
🗑
|
||||
| Increased rate and depth of respirations | Hyperventilation
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperventilation can be caused by dysfunction of | lowere midbrain and pons
🗑
|
||||
| Abnormal respiration with prolonged inspiration | Apneustic breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Apneustic breathing is result of damage to | upper pons
🗑
|
||||
| Elevation of temperature may be damage to | hypothalamus or brainstem
🗑
|
||||
| Signs of meningeal irritation | Kernig’s sign, Brudinski’s sign, guarding in neck flexion, photophobia, disorientation, restlessness, persistent HA that increases with head down, altered vitals, weakness
🗑
|
||||
| Kernig’s sign | meningeal irritation. Supine with flexed hip/knee to chest then extend knee.
🗑
|
||||
| Brudzinski’s sign | meningeal irritation. Supine, flex neck. Causes flexion of hips/knees
🗑
|
||||
| Increased ICP leads to | restless, confused, decr LOC, incr BP, widening pulse P & slowed pulse, Cheyne-Stokes, elevated temp, HA, vomiting, unequal pupils, slowed PLRs, dilated pupils*, papilledema, weakness, hemiplegia, Babinski, decorticate or decerebrate rigidity, seizures
🗑
|
||||
| Joint position sense | test for ability to perceive joint position at rest in response to passive positioning
🗑
|
||||
| Kinesthesia | movement sense
🗑
|
||||
| Pallesthesia | vibration sense with tuning fork
🗑
|
||||
| Combined cortical sensation testing | discriminative sensory tests including Steriognosis, Tactile Localization, Two Point Discrimination, Bilateral Simultaneous Discrimination, Barognosis, Graphesthesia, Texture recognition
🗑
|
||||
| Stereognosis | ID familiar objects by touch
🗑
|
||||
| Two point discrimination | ability to recognize one or two blunt points applied to skin simultaneously
🗑
|
||||
| Barognosis | ability to differentiate weights
🗑
|
||||
| Graphesthesia | ability to ID numbers, letters or symbols traced on skin
🗑
|
||||
| Homonymous hemianopsia | loss of half of visual field in each eye contralateral to side of cerebral hemisphere lesion
🗑
|
||||
| Somatognosia | body scheme disorder – unable to ID body parts or relations to each other
🗑
|
||||
| Unilateral neglect | patient ignores one side of body and stimuli from that side
🗑
|
||||
| Anosognosia | severe neglect or denial of severity of condition
🗑
|
||||
| Figure ground discrimination | spatial relations syndrome with lack of ability to pick out object
🗑
|
||||
| Form constancy | pick out object from array of similar shapes but different sizes
🗑
|
||||
| Spatial relations | pt duplicates a pattern of 2-3 blocks
🗑
|
||||
| Topographical disorientation | navigation of a familiar route
🗑
|
||||
| Vertical disorientation | inability to accurately determine what is upright
🗑
|
||||
| Agnosia | inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality
🗑
|
||||
| Apraxia | inability to perform voluntary learned movements in the absence of loss of sensation , strength, coordination, attention, or comprehension. Breakdown in conceptual or motor production system or both
🗑
|
||||
| Ideomotor apraxia | cannot perform task on command, but can do independently
🗑
|
||||
| Ideational apraxia | cannot perform the task at all, either on command or independently
🗑
|
||||
| Clasp-knife response | marked resistance to PROM suddenly gives way
🗑
|
||||
| Clonus | maintained stretch stimulus produces cyclical spasmodic contraction, usu plantar flexors or wrist flexors
🗑
|
||||
| Babinski | DF of great toe with fanning of other toes with stroke to lateral bottom of foot
🗑
|
||||
| Babinski indicates | corticospinal (pyramidal) tract disruption
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperreflexia | increased DTRs
🗑
|
||||
| Lead pipe Rigidity | uniform throughout range
🗑
|
||||
| Cogwheel rigidity | interrupted by series of jerks
🗑
|
||||
| Decerebrate posturing | increased tone in extension, seen in brainstem lesions between superior colliculus and vestibular nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Decorticate posturing | UEs in flexion, LEs in extension, seen in brainstem lesions above superior colliculus
🗑
|
||||
| Opisthotonos | arching back of head back and heels with UEs rigidly flexed. Seen in severe meningitis, tetanus, epilepsy, strychnine poisoning
🗑
|
||||
| Plantar reflex | Normal is PF of toes in response to stroking lateral sole of foot from calcaneus to 5th met, S1-2, tibial nerve
🗑
|
||||
| Abdominal reflex | T6-L1, lateral to medial scratching of skin to umbilicus in each of 4 quadrants should cause deviation of umbilicus to stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| Cremasteric reflex | L1-L2, stroking of skin on inner thigh elevates testicle, lost in SCI and Corticospinal lesions
🗑
|
||||
| Sources of fatigue | CNS/central fatigue, neural/myoneural fatigue, muscle contractile failure
🗑
|
||||
| CNS/Central fatigue | in MS, ALS, CFS
🗑
|
||||
| Neural/myoneural junction fatigue | MS, Post Polio syndrome, GBS, myasthenia gravis
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle contractile failure fatigue | metabolic changes at muscle, muscular dystrophies
🗑
|
||||
| Extrapyramidal disorders (basal ganglia dysfunction) | Tics, Chorea, athetosis, tremors, myoclonus
🗑
|
||||
| Tics | spasmodic contractions of specific muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Chorea | relatively quick twitches or dancing movments
🗑
|
||||
| Athetosis | slow, irregular, twisting movements, esp in UEs
🗑
|
||||
| Tremor | continuous quivering mvmt, rhythmic, oscillatory observed at rest
🗑
|
||||
| Myoclonus | single, quick jerk
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellar disorders cause | intention tremors
🗑
|
||||
| Cortical disorders cause | seizures, tonic/clonic convulsive mvmts
🗑
|
||||
| Dyssynergia | impaired ability to associate muscles together for complex mvmt
🗑
|
||||
| Dysmetria | impaired ability to judge distance or range of movement
🗑
|
||||
| Dysdiadochokinesia | impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Jenwithonen
Popular Physical Therapy sets