x-ray production & interaction test
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| describe the 2 types of x-rays produced in the tube | brems & characteristic
🗑
|
||||
| list at least 5 properties of x-rays | travel in straight lines, cant focus with lens, travel at speed of light in a vacuum, polyenergetic, can ionize matter, EM, produce small amount of heat in matter, affect IR, produce secondary & s/s radiation
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: Angstrom | wavelength
🗑
|
||||
| what is the wavelength range for diagnostic x-rays? | .1-.5 Angstroms
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: LET | a measure of the energy transferred to material as an ionizing particle travels through it. This measure is used to quantify the effects of ionizing radiation on biological specimens
🗑
|
||||
| what are examples of high & low LET? | high = alpha & beta ...... low = x-ray & gamma
🗑
|
||||
| particulate vs photon radiation | particulate = alpha, beta ...... photon = x-ray, gamma
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: NBR types | natural background radiation = cosmic, radon, air-line travel, UV
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: RBE | ability of ionizing radiation to produce biologic effect relative to same amount of 200 keV x-ray required to produce similar effect. EX. epilation & errythema
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: R (c/kg) | exposure in air of x or gamma up to 3 meV (usded with skin entrance exposure)
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: Rem (sV) | dose equivalent (used with our radiation monitors -employee) (applies to a single organ)
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: Rad (Gy) | absorbed dose of any type of radiation in any type of matter (used with pt dose)
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: HVL | amount of absorbed required to reduce initial intensity by 1/2
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: attenuation | weakened compaired to promary beam
🗑
|
||||
| list 4 factors that affect attenuation | 1.) atomic # (air, fat) 2.) mass # (# of photons & neutrons) 3.) kVp 4.) # of e- per gram
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: physical half life | time it takes a radioactive substance to reduce by 1/2 its original energy
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: biological half life | in the body, its the amount of time, with the bodies metabolism, that it takes to break down to 1/2 initial intensity
🗑
|
||||
| what is the definition of: filtration | added absorber that hardens beam by absorbing low energy, long wavelength that would only contribute to skin dose
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ energy? | high
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ beam quality? | high
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ frequency? | short
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ s/s? | high
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ penetration? | high
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ attenuation? | low
🗑
|
||||
| high kVp is _________ contrast scale? | long
🗑
|
||||
| what is the interaction that is most common in diagnostic? | Photoelectric Effect
🗑
|
||||
| what interaction gives you contrast? | Photoelectric Effect
🗑
|
||||
| what interaction reduces contrast? | Compton
🗑
|
||||
| how does compton s/s affect image contrast | it reduces contrast because the more the s/s the lower (gray) the contrast
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to the incident x-ray photon in: Photoelectric Effect | the incident x-ray photon is completely absorbed giving up all its energy to the atom
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to the incident x-ray photon in: Compton | the incident x-ray interacts with an outer shell e- and ejects it from the atom, ionizing the atom. The ejected atom is called a compton electron. The x-ray continues in a different direction with less energy
🗑
|
||||
| name the predominant interaction in the diagnostic x-ray range | Photoelectric Effect
🗑
|
||||
| Differentiate between secondary and s/s radiation | secondary = created from interaction & comes from pt ..... s/s radiation = x-ray photon changes direction & loses strength
🗑
|
||||
| in order for Pair production to occur, the incident photon must have energy of at least ______ | >1.02 meV
🗑
|
||||
| in order for photodisintregration to occur, the incident photon must have energy of at least ______ | >10 meV
🗑
|
||||
| describe PE interaction | when an incident x-ray is totally absorbed during the ionization of an inner-shell e-. The incident photon disappears & the k-shell e-, now called a photoelectron, is ejected from the atom w/ the same energy as the incident x-ray called CHARACTERISTIC RAD
🗑
|
||||
| why does the probability of PE interaction decrease with increasing kVp? | increasing kVp increases penetration & decreases absorbtion, so if theres less absorbtion, there will be NO PE
🗑
|
||||
| the wavelength of EM radiation ________ as the energy decreases | increases (longer)
🗑
|
||||
| the _________ of an x-ray beam refers to its penetrating ability | quality or HVL
🗑
|
||||
| Differentiate between the 2 types of classical s/s | 1.) Thomson s/s = scattering of an x-ray with an e- ...... 2.) Rayleigh s/s = scattering of an x-ray with the target atom
🗑
|
||||
| what is coherent s/s | aka classical = scattering in a change in direction of an inicident x-ray WITHOUT A LOSS OF ENERGY
🗑
|
||||
| in the diagnostic range the highest quantity of s/s is backcatter of _____ | 180 degrees
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
sr4095
Popular Radiology sets