Neuro
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| Meclizine Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic
Chem. class.: H1-receptor antagonist, piperazine derivative
ACTION: Acts centrally by blocking chemoreceptor trigger zone, which in turn acts on vomiting center
USES: Vertigo, motion sickness
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| Zolpidem Tartrate Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Sedative-hypnotic
Chem. class.: Nonbenzodiazepine of imidazopyridine class
Produces CNS depression at limbic, thalamic, hypothalamic; results are sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, anxiolytic action
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| traZODone Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant—miscellaneous
Chem. class.: Triazolopyridine
ACTION: Selectively inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine uptake by brain, potentiates behavioral changes
used: depression
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| Citalopram Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant
Chem. class.: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
ACTION: Inhibits CNS neuron uptake of serotonin; weak inhibitor of CYP450 enzyme system, making it more appealing than other products
Uses: major depression
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| Escitalopram Oxalate Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
ACTION: Inhibits CNS neuron uptake of serotonin but not of norepinephrine
USES: Anxiety; major depressive disorder in adults/adolescents
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| Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Action: Inhibits CNS neuron uptake of serotonin but not of norepinephrine
USES: MDD, OCD, bulimia; Sarafem: premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder
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| Paroxetine Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Chem. class.: Phenylpiperidine derivative
ACTION: Inhibits CNS neuron reuptake of serotonin but not of norepinephrine or DOPamine
Uses: OCD, MDD, anxiety
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| Sertraline Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant
Chem. class.: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
ACTION: Inhibits serotonin reuptake in CNS, increasing action of serotonin; doesn't affect DOPamine&norepinephrine
USES: depression, OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, panic
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| Duloxetine Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant,
Chem. class: Serotonin, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
ACTION: potentiate serotoninergic, noradrenergic activity in CNS;
USES: MDD, neuropathic pain associated w/ diabetic neuropathy
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| Desvenlafaxine Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant, serotonin-receptor norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Action:blocking the central presynaptic reuptake of 5-HT and NE, increased sustained level of these neurotransmitters.
Uses: MDD
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| Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Second-generation SNRI antidepressant—miscellaneous
ACTION:Potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin & norepinephrine uptake, weak inhibitor of dopamine; no muscarinic, histaminergic, or α-adrenergic receptors in vitro
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| Amitriptyline Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant—tricyclic
Chem. class.: Tertiary amine
ACTION: Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin into nerve endings that increase action of norepinephrine, serotonin in nerve cells
Uses: depression
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| Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant, tricyclic
Chem. class.: Dibenzocycloheptene, secondary amine
Action: Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin into nerve endings, inc. action of norepinephrine, has anticholinergic effects
Uses: Major depression
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| Mirtazapine Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Antidepressant
Chem. class.: Tetracyclic
ACTION: Blocks reuptake of norep., serotonin into nerve endings, inc. action of norep, serotonin in nerve cells; blocks histamine receptors; has anticholinergic action
USES: Depression
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| Bupropion Classes | Func. class.: Antidepressant—miscellaneous, smoking deterrent
Chem. class.: Aminoketone
ACTION: Inhibits reuptake of DOPamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
USES: Depression, smoking cessation; seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, glaucoma, CHF
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| Alprazolam Classes | Func. class.: Antianxiety/sedative/hypnotic
Chem. class.: Benzodiazepine, short/intermediate acting
ACTION: Depresses subcortical levels of CNS, including
USES: Anxiety, panic disorders (agoraphobia), anxiety with depression
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| clonazePAM classes | Func. class: Anticonvulsant
Chem. class: Benzodiazepine derivative
Inhibits spike, wave formation in absence seizures, dec. amplitude, frequency, duration, in motor seizures
USES: Absence, atypical absence, akinetic, seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
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| Diazepam Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Antianxiety, anticonvulsant,
Action: Potentiates the actions of GABA, especially in limbic system, reticular formation; enhances presympathetic inhibition, inhibits spinal polysynaptic afferent paths
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| Lorazepam Classes & Uses | Func. class:Sedative-hypnotic, antianxiety agent
Chem. class:Benzodiazepine, short acting
ACTION: Potentiates the actions of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, (limbic system), depresses the CNS
Uses: Anxiety, irritability in psychiatric or organic
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| Temazepam Classes | Func class: Sedative-hypnotic
Chem class: Benzodiazepine, short-intermediate
CNS depression at limbic, thalamic, hypothalamic levels of the CNS may be mediated by (GABA) =sedation, hypnosis skeletal muscle relaxation anticonvulsant activity
insomnia
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| Buspirone Hydrochloride Classes & Uses | Func class: Antianxiety, sedative
Chem class: Azaspirodecanedione
inhibits action of serotonin; binds to serotonin&dopamine receptors; inc norep metabolism; little potential for abuse
*Manages short term relief of anxiety
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| Amphetamine | Func. class: phenethylamine
used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity.
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| Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Class & Uses | Func. class.: Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, psychostimulant
A:inc release of norep&dopamine into the extraneuronal space;blocks reuptake of norep&dope into the presynaptic neuron;
Uses: treats ADHD
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| Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Action |
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| Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Classes | Func. class.: CNS stimulant
Chem. class.: Amphetamine
ACTION: Increases release of norepinephrine, DOPamine in cerebral cortex to reticular activating system
USES: Attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD), binge eating disorder
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| Methylphenidate Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Cerebral stimulant
Chem. class.: Piperidine derivative
A: Inc release of norep&dopamine in cerebral cortex to reticular activating system; unknown
U: ADHD, narcolepsy (except Concerta, Metadate CD Ritalin LA), attention deficit disorder
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| Lithium Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Antimanic, antipsychotic
Chem. class.: Alkali metal ion salt
ACTION: May alter Na+, K+ ion transport across cell membrane in nerve, muscle cells; may balance biogenic amines of norep, serotonin in CNS areas involved in emotional response
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| Aripiprazole Classes & Uses | Func class: Antipsychotic/neuroleptic
A: unknown; may be mediated through both dopamine type 2&serotonin type 2; antagonism, dopamine system stabilizer
Uses: Schizo, bipolar disorder, agitation, mania, MDD, short/mixed bipolar disorder, autisum
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| Risperidone | Func. class.: Antipsychotic
Chem. class.: Benzisoxazole derivative
ACTION: (Uknown) may be mediated through both DOPamine type 2 and serotonin type 2
USES: Irritability associated with autism, bipolar disorder, mania, schizophrenia
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| Quetiapine Fumarate Classes | Func. class.: Antipsychotic
Chem. class.: Dibenzodiazepine
ACTION: Functions as an antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain
USES: Bipolar disorder, depression, mania, schizophrenia
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| Divalproex Sodium Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Adrenergic direct-acting β1-agonist, inotropic agent, cardiac stimulant
Chem. class.: Catecholamine
Action: Causes inc. contractility, inc. cardiac output without marked increase in HR
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| Phenytoin Classes & Uses | Func class:Anticonvulsant/antidysrhythmic
Chem class:Hydantoin
ACTION: Inhibits the reorganization of the microtubule network needed for interphase and mitotic cellular functions; causes abnormal bundles of microtubules during cell cycle
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| Gabapentin Classes & Action | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant
Chem. class.: GABA analogue
ACTION: Mechanism unknown; may increase seizure threshold
USES: Adjunct treatment of partial seizures, with or without generalization in patients >12 yr; primary restless leg syndrome in adults
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| Lamotrigine Classes | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant—miscellaneous
Chem. class.: Phenyltriazine
ACTION: May inhibit voltage-sensitive sodium channels, decreasing seizures
USES: treatment of seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, bipolar disorder
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| Levetiracetam Classes | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant
ACTION: Unknown; may inhibit nerve impulses by limiting influx of sodium ions across cell membrane in motor cortex
USES: therapy in partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures
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| Oxcarbazepine Classes | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant
Action:
May inhibit nerve impulses by limiting influx of sodium ions across cell membrane in motor cortex
USES:Partial seizures
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| Pregabalin Classes & Uses | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant
ACTION: Binds to calcium channels in CNS tissues; resulting in anticonvulsant action, similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA; anxiolytic, analgesic, and antiepileptic properties
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| Topiramate Classes | Func. class.: Anticonvulsant—miscellaneous
Chem. class.: Monosaccharide derivative
ACTION:Increased GABA activity; may prevent seizure spread as opposed to an elevation of seizure threshold
used for child seizures
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| Benztropine Mesylate Classes | Func. class.: Cholinergic blocker, antiparkinson agent
Chem. class.: Tertiary amine
ACTION: Blockade of central ACH receptors in the CNS; neurotransmitters are balanced, balances cholinergic activity
USES:Parkinsonian symptoms,
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| Ropinirole Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Antiparkinsonian agent
Chem. class.: Dopamine-receptor agonist, nonergot
ACTION: Agonist for D2 receptors; binding at D3 receptor contributes to antiparkinson effects
USES: Parkinsonism, restless legs syndrome
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| Donepezil Hydrochloride Classes | Func. class.: Anti-Alzheimer’s agent
Chem. class.: Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
A: Elevates acetylcholine concentrations; slowing degradation of acetylcholine released in cholinergic neurons;
treats dementia in Alzheimer’s
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| Memantine rx Classes | Func. class.: Anti–Alzheimer’s disease agent
Chem. class.: NMDA receptor antagonist
ACTION: Antagonist action of CNS NMDA receptors that may contribute to the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
used to treat dementia caused
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